A.V. Gornov^*, A.P. Geraskina, A.S. Plotnikova

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CEPF RAS)

117997 Moscow, Russian Federation, Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14

^*E-mail: aleksey-gornov@yandex.ru

Received 14.12.2020

Accepted 24.12.2020

The work of the IV All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Scientific foundations for sustainable forest management” is analyzed. Plenary and sectional reports were presented at five thematic sections and meetings of two round tables. Topical issues related to the development of forest science in the following areas were considered: monitoring and assessment of biological diversity and ecosystem functions/services of forests and their components; improvement of forestry legislation; assessment of the impact of climate change on forests, ways to mitigate the effects of climate change, adaptation to climate change; ways of solving reforestation and reproduction of forest problems; ways of solving problems of forest protection from fires and forest protection. The conference was attended by 185 forestry specialists from 50 institutions.

Key words: CEPF RAS, forest, forest science, biological diversity, ecosystem functions of forests, ecosystem services of forests, climate change, carbon, reforestation, forest fires, forest legislation, round table, climate monitoring

D.V. Ershov ^*, E.N. Sochilova

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences

117997 Moscow, Russian Federation, Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14

^*E-mail: dvershov67@gmail.com

Received: 14.12.2020

Accepted: 27.12.2020

The article presents the results of an assessment of pyrogenic Carbon emissions in the forests of Russia for 2020, carried out using remote monitoring methods. The area of forest damage from fires was 6.5 million hectares, and the amount of Carbon emissions was 36.5 MtC. Although the area of damages in the country as a whole is higher than the average annual values, the scale of pyrogenic carbon emissions is lower than the average annual values and in absolute terms corresponds to 2016. There has been an increase in fire Carbon emissions since 2012. A preliminary analysis of the entire observation period for fires suggests that 2021 may be the next year after 2003 and 2012 an abnormal year in terms of forest fire and the amount of direct fire Carbon emissions into the atmosphere.

Key words: forest fires, pyrogenic emissions, carbon, remote sensing monitoring, forest fuels

REFERENCES

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Sochilova E.N., Ershov D.V., Korovin G.N., Metody sozdanija kart zapasov lesnyh gorjuchih materialov nizkogo prostranstvennogo razreshenija (Methods of course resolution forest fuel load mapping), Sovremennye problemy distancionnogo zondirovanija Zemli iz kosmosa, 2009, Issue 6, Vol. 2, pp. 441-449.

Stytsenko F.V., Bartalev S.A., Egorov V.A., Loupian E.A., Metod ocenki stepeni povrezhdenija lesov pozharami na osnove sputnikovyh dannyh MODIS (Post-fire forest tree mortality assessment method using MODIS satellite data), Sovremennye problemy distancionnogo zondirovanija Zemli iz kosmosa, 2013, Vol. 10, No 1, pp.254-266.

Zamolodchikov D.G., Grabovsky V.I., Shulyak P.P., Chestnykh O.V., Sovremennoe sokrashhenie stoka ugleroda v lesa Rossii (Recent decrease of carbon sink to Russian forests), Doklady Akademii nauk, 2017, Vol. 476, No 6, pp. 719-721.

117997 Moscow, Russian Federation, Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14

²Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation, prospect 100 years of Vladivostok, 159

³Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

397463 Moscow, Russian Federation, Pyzhyovskiy per., 7/2

⁴MB of Bauman Moscow State Technical University

141005 Mytischi, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 1^st Institutskaya street, 1

⁵Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences of the Russian Academy of Science

142290 Puschino, Russian Federation, Institutskaya st., 2.

⁶Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

142290 Puschino, Russian Federation, Prof. Vitkevich st., 1 

^*E-mail: nvl07@yandex.ru

Received 30.11.2020

Accepted 22.12.2020

The problem of assessing the impact of biodiversity on the climate-regulating functions of forests has fundamental character and great importance for sustainable forest management in the context of global climate change. On the one hand, climate changes affect biodiversity, on the other hand, it is biodiversity, as a provider of all ecosystem functions, underlies the mechanisms of adaptation to these changes. This paper aims to discuss scientific questions about the links between biodiversity and climate-regulating functions of forests, and to outline the prospects for these studies. It is shown that studies of the influence of plant and animal species – ecosystem engineers on forest ecosystem’s functioning, including climate-regulating processes and functions, are quite numerous. However, studies of the combined effects of the diversity of biota belonging to different trophic levels and groups on climate-regulating functions of forests of different types/different stages of succession are not carried out. In such studies, it is important to take into account both taxonomic, including genetic, and functional biodiversity as well as structural diversity of forests. Various concepts of forest management taking into account the conservation and restoration of biodiversity are considered. An important aspect of this problem is the assessment and prediction of relationships (synergy or trade-offs) between climate-regulating and other ecosystem functions of forests with different levels of biodiversity functioning in natural conditions and under the combined impact of natural and anthropogenic factors, including climate change, fires, and forestry regimes. It is shown that a promising approach to assessing and predicting the dynamics of relationships between different ecosystem functions of forests is the integration of mathematical models.

Key words: forest ecosystems, taxonomic biodiversity, functional biodiversity, structural biodiversity, ecosystem functions, adaptation to climate change

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/3-4-2020-ruchinskaya_gornov/ Fri, 25 Dec 2020 08:52:36 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=3842

E.V. Ruchinskaya^*, A.V. Gornov

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CEPF RAS)

117997 Moscow, Russian Federation, Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14

^*E-mail: elena.ruchinskaya@mail.com

Received 01.11.2020

Accepted 14.12.2020

Steppe meadows preserved in the zone of deciduous forests of European Russia. These meadows have rich floristic composition and contribute significantly in biological diversity of territories. Bryansk region is one of the forest regions, where steppe meadows are sustained. There are meadows with high floristic diversity and big numbers of rare plant species. Trees from the surrounding forest areas insinuate constantly into these meadows. Most of the young trees die from regular fires and human agricultural activity. However, some individuals survive and pass into a generative state, in which they are relatively resistant to ground fires. The influence of single trees on the floristic diversity of steppe meadows was studied at two levels of organization of living systems – coenotic and population. Polydominant steppe meadows and polydominant steppe meadows with single generative trees were studied at the coenotic level. Coenopopulations of Iris aphylla, Anemone sylvestris and Anthericum ramosum were investigated at the population level. Different methods were used in the work: geobotanical, demographic, measuring environmental factors (luminance, steepness of slopes and frequency of fires). The study showed, that polydominant steppe meadows are supported on steep slopes unsuitable for haymaking and grazing and subjected to infrequent fire. These communities have high floristic diversity. Coenopopulations of model plants (Anemone sylvestris, Anthericum ramosum and Iris aphylla) are sustained there. Their ontogenetic spectra belong to left-hand type with maximum number of individuals. Single trees have controversial influence on polidominant steppe meadow vegetation. On the one hand, the species diversity of steppe meadows increases with the appearance of single generative trees because birds use adult trees like habitats and birds carry plant diasporas. On the other hand, mature trees shade grass canopy. It leads to decline of cover and occurrence of steppe and dry-meadow species. Also it affects plants coenopopulation structure. Ontogenetic spectrum of Anemone sylvestris stays full-stages but numbers of individuals is low. Ontogenetic spectrum of Iris aphylla loses ontogenetic stages (g₁, g₃) with numbers of individuals twice lower than on polidominant steppe meadows. Ontogenetic spectrum of Anthericum ramosum becomes incomplete with extremely low numbers of individuals.

Key words: steppe meadow, single trees, floristic diversity, coenopopulations, ontogenetic spectrum, state of coenopopulations, Anemone sylvestris, Anthericum ramosum, Iris aphylla

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/3-4-2020-braslavskaya_et_al/ Mon, 21 Dec 2020 07:51:09 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=3831

T.Yu. Braslavskaya^*, E.V. Tikhonova, E.V. Basova, T.S. Prokazina

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

*E-mail: t-braslavskaya@yandex.ru

Received 19.10.2020

Accepted 23.11.2020

Published information about databases of digitized geobotanical relevés promotes cooperation between researchers who analyze vegetation biodiversity, exchange of used data and, therefore, the representativeness of research. The article provides an overview of the history, how the database of forest relevés was created, and considers the tasks in the solution of which it was used. The current stage of work is characterized: the improvement of the database structure, features of the stored information, replenishment of the database, the issues of administration and organization of cooperation. Based on the analysis of modern trends in vegetation science and taking into account the peculiarities of the information stored in the database, actual scientific problems are formulated, in the work on which the use of the base is promising, and technical tasks that need to be solved.

Key words: boreal and hemiboreal forests, geobotanical relevés, computer database, forest classification, biodiversity analysis.

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/3-4-2020-plotnikova_kharitonova/ Mon, 21 Dec 2020 06:23:45 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=3813

     A.S. Plotnikova^*, A.O. Kharitonova

        Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

^*E-mail: alexandra@ifi.rssi.ru

Received 04.09.2020

Accepted 17.11.2020

The article focuses on the description of fire regimes mapping environment for the Pechora-Ilych nature reserve and its surroundings. The purpose of the system is presentation of fire regimes maps of the studied territory to a wide range of researchers in a convenient way. In addition, web-GIS allows to organize and store derivative thematic spatial data. The resource performs research and educational functions. The web-GIS structure includes sections: study area, burnability indicators, fire regimes, deviations of fire regimes, fire cycles. The system was created using the ArcGIS StoryMaps tool on the ArcGIS Online platform. All sections use data from the global geographic information collection ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World. Web-GIS allows you to get reference information about the burnability indicators, fire cycles and regimes, as well as their deviations within the Pechora-Ilych nature reserve, local forest areas and spatial units boundaries. In particular, the results of a retrospective statistical analysis of forest burnability indicators within spatial units (the fire frequency, the average number of years between fires, and others) are available.

Кey words: web-GIS, fire regime, the Pechora-Ilych nature reserve, ArcGIS Online, ArcGIS StoryMaps

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/3-4-2020-bobushkina_et_al/ Mon, 21 Dec 2020 06:01:25 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=3810

     S.V. Bobushkina *, A.O. Senkov, D.H. Fayzulin 

     “Northern Research Institute of Forestry”

Russia, 163062 Arkhangelsk, Nikitova St., 13

* E-mail: svetlana-bobushkina@rambler.ru

Received 25.02.2020

Accepted 24.04.2020

The need to develop and implement innovative forms of reforestation to obtain highly productive tree stands actualize the topic of the article. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze foreign experience and research on the production of softwood containerized planting stock for reforestation and compare it with the practice of greenhouse complexes in the Arkhangelsk region. We used the international bibliographic and abstract database «Scopus», which indexes scientific journals, materials from conferences and publications to search for information. A review of publications has been completed over more than a 20-year period (1999-2019). The world experience study and the results of studies on the cultivation of forest containerized seedlings, in particular, Finland, Sweden, Norway, countries similar in terms of the growth of woody vegetation and the range of tree species to the conditions of the European north of Russia made it possible to highlight current research directions. The treatment of seedlings with a short or long light day; frost resistance of the seedlings; influence of drought, excessive moisture; issues of seedling storage; diseases, pests of seedlings and control of them, as well as problems of selection and seed production; seed quality and their impact on plant growth; influence of cultivation technology and types of planting stock on the effectiveness of planting refers to them. The use of foreign plants for growing ball-rooted planting stock implies a similar technology for the production of forest seedlings in our region. However, climatic features and the availability of various consumables, such as peat, fertilizers, pesticides, etc., necessitate the adaptation of Scandinavian technologies to local conditions and the development of additional techniques. One of the main production tasks is the achievement of standard indicators by seedlings. It is not always possible to achieve the desired results in harsh taiga conditions, therefore it is necessary to use foreign experience in growing ball-rooted planting stock, which allows to increase the production of standard seedlings without compromising their quality. This is a whole range of measures, including work on breeding and seed production, the formation of a plant substrate, lighting, moisture, observing the temperature regime, storage of seedlings, combating diseases and pests, etc., which ultimately are the components of the success of artificial reforestation

Key words: container tree seedlings, substrate, reforestation, seeds, growing technology, greenhouse complex, seed growing

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