A.P. Petrov

All-Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry

Institutskaya st. 17, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141200, Russia

e-mail: appetrov180181@gmail.com

Received 25 January 2019

Russian forestry enters to market economy very slowly with difficulty without own income on budget financing. Under transition period forestry economics is subordinated to the private business interest. Future challenges are to be provided with silvicultural output recognition, market pricing for wood and non-wood resources and services and institutional reforms.

Key words: forest income, budget financing, payments for forest use, forest tax, silvicultural output, ecosystem values, balance of economic, ecological and social goals

REFERENCES

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Petrov A.P. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie lesami (State Forest Management), Pushkino: VIPKLH, 2011, 204 р.

Petrov A.P., Lesnye otnosheniya v Rossijskoj Federacii: korrupcionnye faktory i riski, puti ih ustraneniya (Forest relations in the Russian Federation: corruption factors and risks, ways to eliminate them), Pushkino: VIPKLH, 2010, 84 р.

Petrov A.P., Ekonomicheskie otnosheniya v lesnom hozyajstve: iz proshlogo v budushchee (Economic relations in forestry: from past to future), Pushkino, VIPKLH, 2016, 98 р.

Petrov A.P., Il’in V.A., Nikolaeva G.N. Ekonomika lesnogo hozyajstva (Forest Economics), Moscow: Ekologiya, 1993, 20 p.

Pirs P.H., Vvedenie v lesnuyu ehkonomiku (Introduction to the forest economy), Moscow: Ekologiya, 1992, 224 p.

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Zhang D., Pearse P.H., Forest Economics, The University of British Columbia, 2012, 390 p.

E.S. Podolskaia¹, K.A. Kovganko¹, D.V. Ershov¹, P.P. Shulyak¹, A.I. Suchkov²

¹ Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

² Irkutsk Regional Dispatching Service

Deputatskaya st. bldg. 85, Irkutsk, 664081, Russia

E-mail: podols_kate@mail.ru

Received 11 January 2019

Paper presents research results on an experimental forest fire transportation model which is used to build the shortest access routes from the fire stations to the forest fires on the ground for the firefighting trucks. Spatially-distributed data on the fire trucks’ average speed for different types of roads and the elevation values were used in the model for the test area (Irkutsk region of Russia). There were the estimates obtained for the travelled time and distance of special vehicles to access forest fires detected by satellites in 2002 – 2017 within the ground and forest aviation zones of test region; totally, 16251 routes were built and analyzed. The model was validated using the forest fires detected in the ground protection zone. As a result, the access time calculated by the model for 98% (2661) of forest fires is less than three hours. Transport model can be used to choice a way to deliver the forces and fire equipment (ground or air) to the forest fires. Multi-year database of access routes is a useful information to correct the boundaries of forest fire protection zones annually.

Key words: transport model, ArcGIS, Network Analyst, forest fir, fire protection zones, fire station

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A.V. Gornov, A.P. Geraskina

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

E-mail: aleksey-gornov@yandex.ru

Received 14 March 2019

The article has been presents the review of the work of the III All-Russian Scientific Conference (with international participation) “Scientific basis for sustainable forest management”. Conference events included: reports on the contribution of academician A.S. Isaev in the development of forest science; plenary sessions; work of 3 thematic sections; scientific debates “5 years of the Russian forest policy: results, problems, prospects”; master classes for young scientists; poster session and exhibition-exchange of scientific literature. The conference addressed topical issues on priority areas for the development of forest science in the following areas: monitoring and assessment of the resource potential and ecological state of forests; monitoring and assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions/services of forests and their components; protection of forests from pests and diseases: scientific foundations, methods and technologies; modern methods and technologies for the prevention of forest fires; reproduction and increase of forest productivity based on natural processes and intensive methods of forest growing; study, preservation and rational use of forest genetic resources of Russia; sustainable forest management: international and Russian experience; improvement of forest legislation. The conference was attended by 140 forest science experts from 50 institutions.

Key words: CEPF RAS, conference, forest, forest science, scientific debates, forest policy, master class

N.V. Baranovskiy, A.V. Zakharevich

Tomsk Polytechnic University

Lenin av., 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

E-mail: firedanger@yandex.ru

Received 11 March 2019

Forest fires occur as a result of natural and man-made causes. It is known that particles heated to high temperatures are a common source of high temperature. The purpose of the work is the physical simulation of the typical forest fuel ignition (spruce needles ignition) by the carbon particle heated to high temperatures and the identification of the typical forest fuel ignition conditions. Every year, field observations and collection of forest fuel samples for experimental studies are carried out in Timiryazevskiy forestry of Tomsk Region. A typical forest fuel (spruce needles) is considered. The sources of heating during the ignition of forest fuel were simulated by the particles made of graphite in the shape of a parallelepiped with characteristic dimensions in three coordinate directions (14 mm, 8 mm, 8 mm). The weight of such a graphite particle was 1.3 g. Experiments were performed in the range of changes in initial temperatures T₀ from 1113 K to 1273 K. Numerical analysis shows that at a low sedimentation height, the particle retains its heat content to the maximum, cooling only in the near-surface layers. Initially, the mechanism of ignition as a result of the action of a burning graphite particle was investigated. The physical mechanism of the forest fuel layer ignition is established when a carbon particle heated to high temperatures falls out in a flameless mode. A series of experiments was carried out and the dependence of the ignition delay on the initial temperature of the particle was obtained. The analysis showed that the dependence of the ignition delay on the initial temperature of a particle can be approximated to a first approximation by a straight line. The obtained results can be used for the development and verification of mathematical models to simulate ignition of forest fuel by the particle heated to high temperatures.

Key words: forest fuel, mechanism, experimental modelling, ignition delay, particle, spruce

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A.S. Alekseev

Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University

Institutskiy pereulok 5, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia

E-mail: a_s_alekseev@mail.ru

Received 27 November 2018

First national forest inventories was done in 20-30th of last century in Scandinavian countries Norway (1919-1930), Sweden (1923-1929) and Finland (1921-1929). In Russia forest inventory by sampling method for the first time was done at the same time but on regional level only. Almost 100 years experience in conducting of national forest inventories in main forestry developed countries as well as domestic experience and last data from state forest inventory which starts at 2007 offer a possibility to develop commonly recognized principles of it rational organization and practical implementation.

Key words: national forest inventory, sample plot, stratification, regular grid of sample plots, cluster of sample plots, remote sensing, forest region, forest zones

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N.E. Shevchenko

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

Е-mail: neshevchenko@gmail.com

Received 19 February 2019

The article has been presents a brief overview of the history of studying the flora and vegetation of forests of the Central Ciscaucasia from the end of the 18th century to the present. This overview has been highlights five historical stages of forest formation in the region. Each period has been characterizes by a different degree and depth of knowledge of the flora and vegetation of forests. Most of the publications have been relate to individual territories, the vegetation cover of which was studied either in the framework of works covering large regions, or focused research. The long history of studying forests in such a region as Central Ciscaucasia are interested from the point of view of understanding the history of the formation of the scientific thought of native botany.

Key words: Central Ciscaucasia, forest, flora, vegetation, history of study, research phase

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