№2 2020 – ВОПРОСЫ ЛЕСНОЙ НАУКИ/FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES

Changes in the content of bioavailable heavy metal compounds in the soils of Crimean mountain plateaus after afforestation

lena — Sat, 27 Jun 2020 09:03:36 +0000

I.V. Kostenko^*, A.R. Nikiforov

Nikitskii Botanical Garden – National Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Russia, 298648, Yalta, Nikitskiy Spusk,52

^*E-mail: ik_64@bk.ru

Received 17.11.2019

Accepted 12.05.2020

As a result of afforestation of the Crimean mountain plateaus in the middle of the last century, about 3 thousand hectares of forest plantations were created on their surface. Studies on the influence of these plantations on the properties of mountain-meadow soils (Phaeozems) have shown that under the forest vegetation there were an enlargement of structural aggregates, a decrease in humus content, and an increase in acidity compared to soils under meadow vegetation, which could also affect other soil properties, including the mobility of some metals. The purpose of this research is a comparative analysis of the content of mobile forms of Pb, Mn, Cu and Zn (1 M ammonium acetate) in the soils under mountain meadows, natural beech forest and artificial forest plantations. According to the results obtained, mobile Pb, Mn, and Cu were accumulated in forested mountain-meadow soils relative to adjacent areas of mountain meadows. So, in the soil layer of 0-10 cm under stands of pine (Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex K. Koch), the average Pb content in comparison with soil under meadow vegetation was more than 1.6 times, Mn – 1.2 times, Cu – in 1.2 times. Under the birch (Betula pendula Roth), Pb was 2.5 times more, Mn was 1.5 times more, and Cu was 1.2 times more. Under larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb), Pb was 2.2 times higher, Mn was 2.4 times higher, and Cu was 1.5 times higher. In comparison with the meadow, the soil under maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) contained 1.9 times more Pb, 1.1 – Mn, and 1.3 – Cu. Differences between forested and meadow soils in the content of these elements in most cases were reliable, except for the content of Zn, signs of accumulation of which under artificial plantings were not revealed. The content of Pb, Mn and Cu in the brown forest soil (Luvisols) under the beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) corresponded to their concentration under the larch, and Zn was significantly higher compared to the soil under all tree species. The main reason for increasing the mobility of a number of elements under tree stands is their transformation from low mobility forms under the influence of increased acidity of forested soils. Leaf litter due to the low content or complete absence of trace elements in its composition cannot be a source of their accumulation in the upper layer of the soil.

Key words: mountain-meadow soils, forest plantations, microelements, acidity, heavy metals

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Impact of earthworms of different morpho-ecological groups on carbon accumulation in forest soils

lena — Sat, 27 Jun 2020 08:20:03 +0000

A.P. Geraskina

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

^*E-mail: angersgma@gmail.com

Received 25.05.2020

Accepted 24.06.2020

To date, forest ecology has not made any clear conclusions regarding the impact of large invertebrate saprophages such as earthworms on soil carbon dynamics. Some authors state that earthworm activities result in decreased carbon accumulation. Other studies show that earthworms contribute to soil carbon accumulation. At the same time, many studies do not take into account the differences between trophic and digging activity of different morpho-ecological groups of earthworms in different soil horizons. The objective of this study was to carry out differentiated assessment of the impact of different morpho-ecological groups of earthworms on carbon accumulation and correspondent soil parameters (nitrogen content and С/N ratio) during the change in forest succession status. Field operations were performed in the spring and summer of 2016 and 2018 in three regions: Bryansk Oblast (Bryansk Polesie), Moscow Oblast (Moskva–Oka plain, Valuyevsky urban forest) and Northwest Caucasus (Krasnodar Krai, Apsheron forestry; Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian biosphere reserve). In each region, three main stages of coniferous-broad-leaved forest restoration after clear cuttings were identified. Three test plots 50х50 m were allocated for each stage; geobotanical and soil descriptions as well as earthworm calculations were carried out on each plot. It was found out that during the change in forest succession status the species composition and the set of morpho-ecological groups of earthworms became more complicated, but there was no successive replacement of any groups with others. Negative correlation was found between the total biomass of earthworms feeding on the soil surface (epigeic, epi-endogeic and anecic species) and litter store. In the litter horizon, the biomass of epi-endogeic species was negatively correlated with the content of organic carbon and C/N ratio, but positively correlated with the nitrogen content; in the humus horizon, it was positively correlated with the content of organic carbon and nitrogen and negatively correlated with the С/N ratio. Significant negative correlations were revealed between the biomass of endogeic earthworm species and C/N ratio in the humus horizon.

Key words: forest type, succession status, chronoseries, litter, nitrogen, C/N ratio, invertebrates-saprophages, biomass

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The physico-chemical parameters and catalase activity of the soils in the range of phytogenic fields of Korean pine plus trees at Verkhneussuriysky forest station

lena — Sat, 27 Jun 2020 08:04:14 +0000

L.N. Purtova, T.P. Orekhova^*, I.V. Kiseleva

Federal scientific center of the Eastern Asia terrestrial biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch

of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Vladivostok 690022, Stoletiya Str., 159.

^*E-mail: orekhova@biosoil.ru

Received 26.02.2020

Accepted 02.06.2020

The variability of physico-chemical parameters and enzymatic activity in the surface horizons of brown soil (Cambisols) in the range of phytogenous fields (PF) of Korean pine plus trees of different size and age, growing on the territory of the Verkhneussuriysky forest Station, were investigated. The soil samples were taken inside PF within sectors in the direction: north-south; according to the scheme: I – near-trunk part (30 cm from the trunk); II – middle part (middle of the crown projection); III – the edge of the crown projection. The higher-level (Corg) parameters (28.4%) were under Korean pine with the bigger stem diameter (61 cm) and age (240 years). In the range of PF of Korean pine plus trees (200-210 years old, with stem diameters of 40 cm and size of crown 12.5 x 5.2 m) the middle Corg. factor was 22.5-23.8%. The higher pH average parameters determined under these trees too. The middle (Corg) parameters in the north sectors of PF trees were higher (26.3%) than in south (23.5%). The major trend of decreasing pH value in the edge parts of the PF investigated trees compared with the near-trunk parts.

Key words: brown soil (Cambisols), Korean pine, phytogenic field, organic carbon, soil acidity, catalase activity

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Influence of anthropogenic factors on the soil condition of the N.V. Tsitsin Main botanical garden, RAS

lena — Sat, 27 Jun 2020 07:58:31 +0000

O.V. Martynenko¹*, V.N. Karminov¹·²·³, P.V. Ontikov⁴

¹ All-Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry (ARICEF) Insitutskaya st. 20, Pushkino, Moscow region, 141200, Russian

² Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

³ Mytischi Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University 1st Institutskaya street, 1, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141005, Russia

⁴ Federal forestry agency FSBI «ROSLESINFORG» «CENTRLESPROEKT» Zavodskaya st. 10, Ivanteevka, Moscow region, 141200, Russia

*E-mail: martinen75@yandex.ru

Received 03.03.2020

Accepted 03.06.2020

Territory of N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is subjected to significant anthropogenic stress, which affects the state of valuable collections of tree and shrub species. The state of the collection of suckers is of particular concern, since the territory where they are located is exposed to anthropogenic effects of various intensities. One of the most dangerous consequences of anthropogenic impact is soil compaction. To study these negative phenomena, three sampling areas were laid, differing in the degree of anthropogenic impact. Sampling area No. 1 characterized the zone of maximum anthropogenic impact. The zone of moderate anthropogenic impact was represented by the sampling area No. 2. Sampling area No. 3 acted as a control, where the anthropogenic impact was the smallest. All studied soils were assigned to soddy-slightly podzolic medium loamy soils. Fundamental differences in the morphological properties of the studied soils consisted in the fact that gley spots were observed from a depth of 40 cm in soils located in the zone of maximum anthropogenic impact, unlike other soils. An increase in the values of soil density in undisturbed state corresponded to an increase in the degree of anthropogenic impact. This phenomenon led to a decrease in the total soil porosity. Soil compaction contributed to a marked decrease in moisture content in the upper horizons. At the same time, the deterioration of subsoil runoff contributed to the emergence of gley-forming processes in the illuvial part of the profile. The use of cluster analysis methods showed a good grouping of the dependence of the studied indicators on the degree of anthropogenic impact. There was a separation of the studied indicators depending on their type and position in the profile. The study made it possible to evaluate the most important physical and water-physical properties of soils of a part of the territory of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, occupied by a valuable collection of suckers. Based on the results of the study, a set of measures is proposed that can significantly reduce the revealed negative effects and generally improve the condition of the studied soils and plantings growing on them.

Key words: soil density, anthropogenic compaction, soils of botanical gardens, Main Botanical Garden RAS

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Monitoring the composition of atmospheric and soil waters in forest ecosystems: achievements and perspectives

lena — Sat, 27 Jun 2020 05:09:06 +0000

V.V. Ershov

Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North,Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,Akademgorodok 14a, Murmansk district, Apatity, 184209 Russia

E-mail: Slavo91@gmail.com

Received 20.04.2020

Accepted 28.05.2020

The article gives an overview of Russian and foreign studies devoted to the composition of atmospheric deposition and soil waters in forest ecosystems. It is concluded that insufficient attention is paid to the transformation of the chemical composition of precipitation by forest ecosystems, taking into account the influence of the species composition of the stand and the mosaic structure of the biogeocenosis (under-crown, inter-crown spaces, open areas). In European studies, the composition of atmospheric deposition and lysimetric waters is usually studied over many years allowing detection of long-term trends in changes in the composition of atmospheric and soil waters and identification of the factors of these changes. Such long-term (over 10 years) constant observations on the influence of technogenic pollution on the composition and properties of atmospheric and soil waters were not carried out in any Russian publications. This task is very relevant for Russia and especially for industrially developed regions.

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Soil carbon in forest regions of the European-Ural part of Russia

lena — Sat, 27 Jun 2020 05:07:01 +0000

O.V. Chestnykh^1,2*, V.I. Grabovsky¹, D.G. Zamolodchikov¹

¹ Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

²Lomonosov Moscow State University

Leninskie Gory 1 bldg. 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia

^*E-mail: ochestn@mail.ru

Received 17.02.2020

Accepted 12.03.2020

The carbon pool of the soil block of the European-Ural part of Russia was estimated on the basis of land categories adopted in the State Forest Register (21 biotopes in total). Published data of 675 soil sections using the coordinates and descriptions of sections were linked to biotopes and forest areas (13). The total carbon stock in the soils of forest regions of the European-Ural part amounted to 19.3 *10⁹ t C for a depth of 0-30 cm, 26.6 *10⁹ t C for a 0-50 cm depth, and 34.2 *10⁹ t C for 0-100 cm. The total area of the forest sector in the European part of Russia for these forest regions is estimated at 181.13 *10⁶ ha. Aggregated data are given both for biotopes of the entire region and for forest areas. The results we obtained on a top basis of forest-forming species and non-forest lands are compared with estimates of other authors obtained for various types of soils.

Key words: States Forest Account lands of Russia, forest dominant species, data base, forest soils, organic carbon stock (C_soil)

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Earthworm communities (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of pine forests and small foliage forests in the forest-steppe Ob region

lena — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 21:00:11 +0000

S.A. Ermolov

Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

E-mail: ermserg96@gmail.com

Received 06.04.2020

Accepted 02.06.2020

Earthworms are a significant group of soil macrofauna that provides a number of ecosystem functions in most terrestrial communities. Studies of the earthworm species composition and density of their populations were conducted in many regions of Russia, but the lumbricofauna of Novosibirsk region remained unexplored for a long time. The purpose of this investigation is to conduct a comparative analysis of the earthworm population of coniferous and small foliage forests in forest-steppe Ob region of the Novosibirsk area and identify the correlation of several species with the main physical and chemical properties of soil. The study was conducted in pine forests and birch-aspen forests. The main method of sampling was layer-by-layer excavation with manual destruction of soil samples and disassembling of forest deadwood. Some soil characteristics were also measured. There are data on the species composition and population density of earthworms for each habitat in results. Basing the ratio of earthworm living forms we created the classification of investigated habitats. We revealed that the diversity of epigeic and epi-endogeic earthworms in forests is largely provided by deadwood, and the main abiotic factor for worms is soil moisture. For the Asian subspecies Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi we performed the morphometric analysis in order to confirm characteristic polymorphism for it.

Key words: earthworms, living forms, Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi, Novosibirsk forest-steppe Ob region, pine forests, small foliage forests, deadwood, soil characteristics

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