№4 2019 – ВОПРОСЫ ЛЕСНОЙ НАУКИ/FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES

Using LANDSAT time series for assessing reforestation on clear cuts in Bryansk region

lena — Wed, 25 Dec 2019 19:31:32 +0000

E.I. Belova^*, D.V. Ershov

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

Reseived 23 September 2019

This paper submitted the method of remote sensed estimate the forest artificial regeneration (tree planting). The objective was to designate the moment of transition from clear cuts to forested lands. The studies took place in Suzemskoe forestry in Bryansk region. We used a forest taxation data and annual cloud-free Landsat composite images (2002 – 2015 years). Vegetation indexes (NDVI and SWVI) were calculated by the time series of cloud-free composite images. The database of the ages of transition of clear cuts to artificial regeneration was compiled based on taxation data from forest inventory of the forestries (2003 y.). Cumulative values of vegetation indexes for the whole study period were calculated from the time series for the whole period. Examining the NDVI-SWVI indexes of the artificial regeneration sites allowed finding the linear relationship, the incline of the linear regression and thresholds of clear cuts transitioning to forested lands. The method was tested for Steklyanskoe, Krasnoslobodskoe and Kokorevskoe forestries. The correct classification of the clear cuts transitioned to the regrowth category reached 80.1%.

Key words: reforestation, artificial regeneration, forest regrowth, time series, vegetation indexes, NDVI, SWVI.

REFERENCES

Belova E.I., Ershov D.V., Opyt ocenki estestvennogo lesovosstanovlenija na sploshnyh vyrubkah po vremennym rjadam LANDSAT (Assessing reforestation on clear cuts based on Landsat time series), Lesovedenie, 2015, Vol. 5, pp. 339-345.

Belova E.I., Ershov D.V., Predvaritel’naja obrabotka vremennyh serij izobrazhenij Landsat-TM/ETM+ pri sozdanii bezoblachnyh kompozitnyh izobrazhenij mestnosti (Preprocessing Landsat TM/ETM+ data sets for creating cloud-free composite imagery), Sovremennye problemy distancionnogo zondirovanija Zemli iz kosmosa, 2011, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 73-82.

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_296757/77e0bc4c1b732cffc4ef23c2113effb964769f33/ (2019, 28 August)

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_64299/710f2a2a776bb8cff9e204556177d7cb26f79dee/ (2019, 28 August)

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_207285/4f0faeaf51f7cf71d1e928c355da9b3db3d3545d/ (2019, 28 August)

http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/environment/# (2019, 28 August)

Hansen M.C., Potapov P.V., Moore R., Turubanova S.A., Tyukavina A., Thau D., Stehman S.V., Goetz S.J., Loveland T R., Kommareddy A., Egorov A., Chini L., Justice C.O., Townshend J.R.G., High Resolution Global Maps of 21st Century Forest Cover Change, Science, 2013, Vol. 342, pp. 850-853.

Potapov P.V., Turubanova S.A., Tyukavina A., Krylov A.M., McCarty J L., Radeloff V. C., Hansen M.C, Eastern Europe’s forest cover dynamics from 1985 to 2012 quantified from the full Landsat archive, Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, Vol. 159, pp. 28-43.

Classification of forest sites by the Vorobjev-Pogrebnyak’s species indicator tables: database and experience of analysis of forest inventory data

lena — Mon, 16 Dec 2019 12:49:53 +0000

full text

L.G. Khanina

Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences

Prof. Vitkevich st., 1, Puschino, Russia, 142290

E-mail: khanina.larisa@gmail.com

Received 20 November 2019

Vorobjev’s indicator tables of plant species were updated according to the modern nomenclature of plant species. The Vorobjev’s tables are used to determine the types of forest conditions (forest sites) (FS) according to the Krudener-Alekseev-Pogrebnyak system in the Russian forest inventory. Prof. Ludmila Zaugolnova developed a database according to these tables in the early 1990s. An analysis of 898 indicator species by type and subtype of the edaphic grid (with accounting of ecological-coenotic groups of species) showed a very high proportion of species of relatively rich habitats among the indicator plants (subtype C, 78%). The expected high representation of piny species in subtype A, boreal species in subtype B and nemoral species in subtype C turned out to be biased in the Vorobjev’s tables toward richer (and often wetter) habitats. An algorithm has been developed for the formal calculation of FS by the composition of plant species dominated the ground layer of forest stands. The algorithm was tested on the data of forest inventory of 1981 in the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve. In 77% of cases, the FS values calculated from the lists of dominant species coincided with the FS values marked in the forest inventory data, but in 62% of cases the calculated estimates did not have a single value. In general, formal processing allows revealing inconsistencies of FS values and lists of species dominated the ground layer, if such inconsistencies exist. The proposed algorithm and the developed database can be used to determine FS according to the Pogrebnyak’s system and the list of dominants in the ground layer as well as for independent verification of expert assessments of FS contained in forest inventory data.

Key words: forest inventory, forest taxation, edaphic grid, Krudener-Alekseev-Pogrebnyak system, forest site conditions, indicator tables, plant species, ecological-coenotic groups

REFERENCES

Alekseev A.S., Osnovnye principy organizacii i provedenija gosudastvennoj inventarizacii lesov (GIL) (Basic principles of organizing and conducting state forest inventory, GIL), Voprosy lesnoj nauki. 2019. Vol. 2, No 1, doi: 10.31509/2658-607x-2019-2-1-1-18

Alekseev E.V. Tipy ukrainskogo lesa. Pravoberezh’e (Types of Ukrainian forest. Right bank of the Dnieper River), Kiev, 1925. 64 p.

Barnes B.V., Pregitzer K.S., Spies T.A., Spooner V.H. Ecological forest site classification, Journal of Forestry, 1982, Vol. 80, pp. 493-498.

Bobrovsky M.V. Lesnye pochvy Evropejskoj Rossii. Bioticheskie i antropogennye faktory formirovanija (Forest soils of European Russia. Biotic and anthropogenic factors of formation), Moscow: Tovarishhestvo nauchnyh izdanij KMK, 2010. 392 p.

Сajander A.K. The theory of forest types, Helsinki, 1926.

Cenofond lesov Evropejskoj Rossii (Coenofond of forests of European Russia), 2006. URL: http://www.cepl.rssi.ru/bio/flora/main.htm (November 17, 2019).

Cherepanov S.K. Sosudistye rastenija Rossii i sopredelnyh gosudarstv: v predelah byvshego SSSR (Vascular plants of Russia and neighboring states: within the former USSR), Saint-Petersburg, Mir i semja, 1995. 992 p.

Chertov O.G. Ekologija lesnyh zemel. Pochvenno-ekologicheskoe issledovanie lesnyh mestoobitanij (Ecology of forest lands. Soil-ecological study of forest habitats), Leningrad, Nauka, 1981, 192 p.

Chertov O.G., Nadporozhskaja M.A., Palenova M.M., Priputina I.V. Edafologija v strukture pochvovedenija i ekosistemnoj ekologii (Edaphology in the structure of soil science and ecosystem ecology), Russian journal of ecosystem ecology, 2018, Vol. 3(3), DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2018-3-2

Clark J.S., Gelfand A.E. A future for models and data in environmental science, TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 2006, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 375-380.

Corona P., Chirici G., McRoberts R.E., Winter S., Barbati A. Contribution of large-scale forest inventories to biodiversity assessment and monitoring, Forest Ecology and Management, 2011, Vol. 262, pp. 2061-2069.

Dyrenkov S.A., Chertov O.G. Lesnaja tipologija v SSSR i za rubezhom (Forest typology in the USSR and abroad). Itogi nauki i tehniki. Lesovedenie i lesovodstvo, Moscow, VINITI, 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 190-256.

Ellenberg H. Zeigerwerte der Gefäßpflanzen Mitteleuropas, Scripta geobotanica, Vol. 9, Göttingen, 1974.

Fedorchuk V.N., Dyrenkov S.A. Vydelenie i raspoznavanie tipov lesa (Distinction and identification of forest types), Leningrad, LenNIILH, 1975, 56 p.

Fedorchuk V.N., Neshataev V.Y., Kuznetsova M.L. Lesnye ekosistemy severo-zapadnyh rajonov Rossii: Tipologija, dinamika, hozjajstvennye osobennosti (Forest ecosystems of the northwestern regions of Russia: Typology, dynamics, economic features), Saint-Petersburg, 2005, 382 p.

Fridman J., Holm S., Nilsson M., Nilsson P., Ringvall A.H., Ståhl G. Adapting national forest inventories to changing requirements – the case of the Swedish National Forest Inventory at the turn of the 20th century, Silva Fennica, 2014, Vol. 48, No. 3 article id 1095. 29 p.

Haeussler S. Rethinking biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification for a changing world, Environ. Rev., 2011, Vol. 19, pp. 254-277.

Ignatov M.S., Afonina O.M. Spisok mhov territorii byvshego SSSR (List of mosses of the former USSR), Arctoa, 1992, Vol. 1, pp. 1-85.

Khanina L.G., Bobrovsky M.V. Prognoz izmenenija rastitelnogo pokrova v Prioksko-Terrasnom zapovednike po lesotaksacionnym dannym (Forecast of changes in vegetation in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve by forest inventory data), In: Vostochno-Evropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost (East European forests: history in the Holocene and the current time), Smirnova O.V. (ed.), Moscow, Nauka, 2004, Vol. 2, p. 131-137.

Kolesnikov B.P., Zubareva R.S., Smolonogov E.I. Lesorastitelnye uslovija i tipy lesa Sverdlovskoj oblasti (Forest conditions and forest types of the Sverdlovsk region), Sverdlovsk, UNC AN SSSR, 1974, 176 p.

Komarov A.S., Khanina L.G., Bobrovsky M.V., Mikhajlov A.V., Smirnov V.E., Bykhovets S.S. Modelirovanie struktury i dinamiki bioraznoobrazija rastitel’nosti lesnyh ekosistem (Modeling the structure and dynamics of biodiversity of vegetation of forest ecosystems), In: Monitoring biologicheskogo raznoobrazija lesov Rossii: metodologija i metody (Monitoring the biological diversity of Russian forests: methodology and methods), Isaev A.S. (ed.), Moscow: Nauka, pp. 285-314.

Kompjuternoe i informacionnoe obespechenie geobotanicheskih issledovanij (Computer and information support for geobotanical research). 2019. Tablica vidov-indikatorov D.V. Vorobjeva (1953) dlja tipov lesorastitelnyh uslovij. https://www.impb.ru/index.php?id=div/lce/database

Konstantinova N.A., Potemkin A.D., Shljakov R.N. Spisok pechenochnikov i antocerotovyh territorii byvshego SSSR (List of liverworts and Anthocerotophyta of the former USSR, Arctoa, 1992, Vol. 1, pp. 87-127.

Kruedener A.A. Osnovy klassifikacii tipov nasazhdenij i ih narodnohozjajstvennoe znachenie v obihode strany (Fundamentals of classification of forest stands and their economic importance in the everyday life of the country), Petrograd, Tipografija Glavnogo Upravlenija Udelov, 1916, No. 3, 190 p.

Kusbach A., Friedl M., Zouhar V., Mikita T., Šebesta J. Assessing forest classification in a landscape-level framework: an example from Central European forests, Forests, 2017, 8, 461, DOI: 10.3390/f8120461

Landolt E. Okologische Zeigerwerts zur Sweizer Flora, Veroff. Geobot., Inst. ETH, Zurich, 1977, Vol. 64, pp. 1-208.

Lawley V., Lewis M., Clarke K., Ostendorf B. Site-based and remote sensing methods for monitoring indicators of vegetation condition: An Australian review, Ecological Indicators, 2016, Vol. 60, pp. 1273-1283.

Lazarev Y.A., Zheldak V.I., Zavalova T.A. GOST 18486-87 Lesovodstvo. Terminy i opredelenija (State standard 18486-87. Forestry. Terms and definitions), 1987.

Lesoustroitelnaja instrukcija (Forest inventory instruction). Prilozhenie k Prikazu MPR RF, February 6, 2008, No. 31. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/12061628/ (2019, November 16)

Levin S.A. Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems, Ecosystems, 1998, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 431-436.

Louw J.H., Scholes M. Forest site classification and evaluation: a South African perspective, Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, Vol. 171(1-2), pp. 153-168.

Migunova E.S. Lesnaja tipologija G.F. Morozova – A.A. Krjudenera – P.S. Pogrebnjaka – teoreticheskaja osnova lesovodstva (Forest typology developed by G.F. Morozov, A.A. Kruedener, and P.S. Pogrebnyak is the theoretical basis of forestry), Lesnoj vestnik, 2017, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 52-63.

Migunova E.S. Rezultaty razrabotki problem lesnoj tipologii i istorii nauchnyh issledovanij (Results of the development of forest typological issues and the history of scientific research), Lesnoj vestnik, 2019, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 147-160.

Moiseev N.A. Koncepcija sovremennogo lesoustrojstva v Rossii (The concept of modern forest management in Russia), Pushkino, VNIILM, 2017, 88 pp. URL: http://forstmeisterspb.org/blog21684 (2019, November 16)

Morozov G.F. O tipah nasazhdenij i ih znachenii v lesovodstve (About types of stands and their importance in forestry), Lesnoj zhurnal, 1904, No. 1, pp. 6-25.

Nave L.E., Gough C.M., Perry C.H., Hofmeister K.L. Le Moine J.M., Domke G.M., Swanston C.W., Nadelhoffer K.J. Physiographic factors underlie rates of biomass production during succession in Great Lakes forest landscapes, Forest Ecology and Management, 2017, Vol. 397, pp. 157-173.

Petukhov N.V., Nevidomov A.M. Sovremennyj etap primenenija lesnoj tipologii v lesoustrojstve i ego pervoocherednye zadachi (The current stage of the application of forest typology in forest management and its priorities), Lesnoj zhurnal, 2005, No. 3, pp. 28-45.

Pogrebnyak P.S. Osnovy lesnoj tipologii (Fundamentals of Forest Typology), Kiev, Izd-vo AN USSR, 1955, 456 pp.

Pogrebnyak P.S. Über die Methodik der Standortsuntersuchungen in Verbindung mit den Waldtypen, In: Proc. Int. Congr. Forestry Experimental Stations, Stockholm, 1930, pp. 455-471.

Pojar J., Klinka K., Meidinger D. V. Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in British Columbia, Forest Ecology and Management, 1987, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, pp. 119-154.

Pyatt D.G. A site classification for Scottish native woodlands, Botanical Journal of Scotland, 1997, Vol. 49 (2), pp. 455-467.

Pyatt D.G., Ray D., Fletcher J. An ecological site classification for forestry in Great Britain, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, 2001, Bulletin 124.

Ramenskiy L.G., Tsatsenkin I.A., Chizhikov O.N., Antipov N.A. Ekologicheskaja ocenka kormovyh ugodij po rastitelnomu pokrovu (Ecological assessment of forage land by vegetation), Moscow, Selhozgiz, 1956, 472 p.

Rysin L.P. Lesnaja tipologija v SSSR (Forest typology in the USSR), Moscow, Nauka, 1982, 216 p.

Smirnov V.E., Khanina L.G., Bobrovsky M.V. Obosnovanie sistemy ekologo-cenoticheskih grupp rastenij lesnoj zony evropejskoj Rossii na osnove ekologicheskih shkal, geobotanicheskih opisanij i statisticheskogo analiza (Justification of the system of ecological-coenotic groups of plants in the forest zone of European Russia on the basis of species indicator tables, geobotanical relevés, and statistical analysis), Bul. MOIP, Otd. Biologii, 2006, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 36-47.

Smirnov V.E., Khanina L.G., Bobrovsky M.V. Validation of the ecological-coenotic groups of vascular plants for European Russian forests on the basis of ecological indicator values, vegetation releves and statistical analysis. 2008. URL: https://www.impb.ru/index.php?id=div/l ce/ecg&lang=eng (2019, November 16)

Smirnova O., Zaugolnova L., Khanina L., Braslavskaya T., Glukhova E. FORUS – database on geobotanic relevés of European Russian forests, In: Matematicheskaja biologija i bioinformatika, V.D. Lakhno (ed.), Moscow, MAKS Press, 2006, pp. 150-151.

Smirnova O.V., Khanina L.G., Smirnov V.E. Ekologo-cenoticheskie gruppy v rastitelnom pokrove lesnogo pojasa Vostochnoj Evropy (Ecological-coenotic groups in the vegetation of the forest belt of Eastern Europe), In: Vostochno-Evropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost (East European forests: history in the Holocene and the current time), Smirnova O.V. (ed.), Moscow, Nauka, 2004, Vol. 1, p. 165-175.

Smirnova O.V., Toropova N.A. Potencialnaja rastitelnost i potencialnyj ekosistemnyj pokrov (Potential vegetation and potential ecosystem cover), Uspehi sovremennoj biologii, Vol. 136, No. 2, pp. 199-211.

Stahr K., Kandeler E., L. von Herrmann, Streck T. Bodenkunde und Standortlehre (Soil science and location theory), Ulmer, UTB, 2008, 318 p.

Sukachev V.N. Rastitelnaja associacija i tip nasazhdenij (Plant association and type of stands, Izvestija Leningradskogo lesnogo instituta, 1925, Vol. 32, pp. 39-58.

Sukcessionnye processy v zapovednikah Rossii i problemy sohranenija biologicheskogo raznoobrazija (Succession processes in the reserves of Russia and the problems of conservation of biological diversity), Smirnova O.V., Shaposhnikov E.S. (eds.), Saint-Petersbur, Rossijskoe botanicheskoe obshhestvo, 1999.

Trejfeld R.F. O metodah taksacii v sovremennom lesoustrojstve (About taxation methods in modern forest management), Officialnyi sait Sojuza lesovodov Sankt-Peterburga. 2019. URL: http://forstmeisterspb.org/blog26321 (2019, November 16).

Tsyganov D.N. Fitoindikacija ekologicheskih rezhimov v podzone khvojno-shirokolistvennyh lesov (Phytoindication of ecological regimes in the subregion of coniferous-deciduous broad-leaved forests), Moscow, Nauka, 1983, 196 p.

Urbanavichjus G.P., Urbanavichene I.P. Svodnaja tablica «Lishajniki zapovednikov Rossii» (Summary table “Lichens of Russian reserves”), Sovremennoe sostojanie biologicheskogo raznoobrazija na zapovednyh territorijah Rossii, Moscow, MSOP, MPR RF, Komissija RAN po sohraneniju biologicheskogo raznoobrazija, 2004, pp. 26-215.

Vacek S., Černý T., Vacek Z., Podrázský V., Mikeska M., Králíček I. Long-term changes in vegetation and site conditions in beech and spruce forests of lower mountain ranges of Central Europe, Forest Ecology and Management, 2017, Vol. 398, pp. 75-90.

Vorobjev D.V. Tipy lesov Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR (Forest types of the European part of the USSR), Kiev: Izd-vo AN USSR, 1953, 452 p.

Voronov A.G. Geobotanika (Geobotany), Moscow: Vysshaja shkola, 1973, 384 p.

Vostochno-Evropejskie lesa:istorija v golocene i sovremennost) (East European forests: the Holocene history and the current time), Smirnova O.V. (ed.), Moscow: Nauka, 2004.

Wilson D.C., Ek A.R. Imputing plant community classifications for forest inventory plots, Ecological Indicators, 2017, Vol. 80, pp. 327-336.

Yaroshenko A.V. Rosleshoz obeshhaet zakonchit gosudarstvennuju inventarizaciju lesov Rossii v 2020 godu. Pochemu v realnosti jeto nevozmozhno? (Rosleskhoz promises to complete the state inventory of Russian forests in 2020. Why is this impossible in reality?), Lesnoj forum Greenpeace, 2019. URL: http://www.forestforum.ru/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=23914 &hilit=инвентаризация (November 16, 2019)

Zaugolnova L.B., Khanina L.G. Opyt razrabotki i ispol’zovanija baz dannyh v lesnoj fitocenologii (Experience in developing and using databases in forest phytocenology), Lesovedenie, 1996, No. 1, pp. 76-83.

Zaugolnova L.B., Khanina L.G., Braslavskaja T.Ju., Bakun E.Ju., Glukhova E.M., Bobrovsky M.V., Shovkun M.M., Smirnova O.V., Lugovaja D.L., Yanitskaja T.O. Lesnaja rastitelnost Severnoj Evrazii (Forest vegetation of Northern Eurasia). Svidetelstvo o gosudarstvennoj registracii bazy dannyh No. 2014620258 v Reestre baz dannyh February 12, 2014.

Zaugolnova L.B., Khanina L.G., Komarov A.S., Smirnova O.V., Popadjuk R.V., Ostrovsky M.A., Zubkova E.V., Glukhova E.M., Palenova M.M., Gubanov V.S., Grabarnik P.Ja. Informacionno-analiticheskaja sistema dlja ocenki sukcessionnogo sostojanija lesnyh soobshhestv (Information and analytical system for assessing the succession state of forest communities), Pushchino, ONTI PNC RAN, 1995, 51 p.

Zubkova E.V., Khanina L.G., Grokhlina T.I., Dorogova Ju.A. Kompjuternaja obrabotka geobotanicheskih opisanij po jekologicheskim shkalam s pomoshhju programmy EcoScaleWin (Computer processing of geobotanical relevés on plant indicator tables using the EcoScaleWin program), Yoshkar-Ola, Mar.GU, 2008, 96 p.

Relationship between tree crown diameter and various taxation indicators in the North-taiga forest area

lena — Fri, 06 Dec 2019 19:03:02 +0000

full text

A.P. Bogdanov^1,2*, R.A. Aleshko^1,2, A.S. Ilintsev^1,2

¹Northern research institute of forestry

Russia, 163062 Arkhangelsk, Nikitova Str., 13

²Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,

Russia, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Northern Dvina emb, 17

^*E-mail: a.p.bogdanov@sevniilh-arh.ru

Received 18 June 2019

To improve the accuracy of the assessment of forest area from aerial photographs by automated decoding, it is necessary to study of the degree of tightness and interrelation forms between decryption and evaluation indexes. The purpose of the study is to identify the most reliable (optimal) dependencies between these indicators and the subsequent development of equations in their calculation. The interrelations of the taxation diameter and decoding indicators of the forest stand such as: height and diameter of the crowns are revealed. As a result of the analysis of the dependencies between the fullness and closed canopy revealed a weak relationship.

Key words: decryption indicators, taxation indicators, crown width, canopy structure, taxation-decoding test plots, super detailed shooting

REFERENCES

Bartalev S.A., Egorov V.A., Zharko V.O., Loupian E.A., Plotnikov D.E., Khvostikov S.A., Current state and development prospects of satellite mapping methods of Russia’s vegetation cover. 7-ya mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-tekhnicheskaya konferenciya, KE Ciolkovskij-160 let so dnya rozhdeniya. Kosmonavtika. Radioelektronika. Geoinformatika, 2017, pp. 74-79.

Sochilova E.N., Surkov N.V., Ershov D.V., Khamedov V.A., Assessment of biomass of forest species using satellite images of high spatial resolution (on the example of the forest of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug), Voprosy lesnoj nauki, 2018, No. 1. pp. 1-23.

Shanin V.N., Shashkov M.P., Ivanova N.V., Grabarnik P.Ya., The effect of aboveground competition on spatial structure and crown shape of the dominating canopy species of forest stands of European Russia, Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2016, Vol. 4. No. 1, pp. 112-125.

Franklin S.E., Ahmed O.S., Williams G., Northern Conifer Forest Species Classification Using Multispectral Data Acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 2017, Vol. 83, No. 7, P. 501-507.

Giannetti F., Gobakken T., Chirici G., Næsset E., A new approach with DTM-independent metrics for forest growing stock prediction using UAV photogrammetric data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 2018, Vol. 213, P. 195-205.

Hüttich C, Korets M., Bartalev S., Zharko V., Schepaschenko D., Shvidenko A., Schmulliu C., Exploiting growing stock volume maps for large scale forest resource assessment: cross-comparisons of ASAR-and PALSAR-based GSV estimates with forest inventory in central Siberia, Forests, 2014, Vol. 5, No. 7, P. 1753-1776.

Valbuena R. Maltamo M., Mehtдtalo L., Packalen P., Key structural features of boreal forests may be detected directly using L-moments from airborne lidar data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, Vol. 194. P. 437-446.

White J., Coops N., Wulder M., Vastaranta M., Hilker, T., Tompalski P., Remote sensing technologies for enhancing forest inventories: A review. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 5, P. 619-641.

Analysis of factors affecting the regeneration of major forest-forming species in the pine forests of the southern Moscow region

lena — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 11:40:18 +0000

full text

G.G. Frolova^1*, P.V. Frolov¹, V.N. Shanin^1,2,3, N.V. Ivanova³

¹ Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Science

Institutskaya st., 2, Puschino, Russia, 142290

² Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

³Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences

Prof. Vitkevich st., 1, Puschino, Russia, 142290

^*E-mail: gulfina.frolova@gmail.com

Received 30 August 2019

We carried out a quantitative analysis of the dependence of the vitality and species composition of tree undergrowth in pine forests of the southern Moscow region on a complex of biotic, abiotic, and edaphic factors. The paired sampling plots were established (consisting of sub-plots with and without undergrowth). The stand characteristics, the dominating species of the ground layer vegetation were determined, and the light intensity, the thickness and moisture of forest floor, the concentration of carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil were measured on each of sub-plots. We used the principal component analysis, a pairwise comparison of environmental factors on sub-plots with and without undergrowth, as well as multiple multivariate correlation analysis for data processing. The results of the study showed that the main factors affecting natural regeneration are soil characteristics and light regime, while the influence of the forest ground vegetation on tree regeneration was not identified.

Key words: tree undergrowth, natural reforestation, ecological factors, forest ground vegetation

REFERENCES

Aas G., Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Lieblein, 1784, Traubeneiche,. In: Roloff A, Weisgerber H, Lang U, Stimm B, Schütt P, editors. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse. Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie: Wiley-VCH., 2002, pp. 1-16.

Aas G., Quercus robur L., 1753, Stieleiche,. In: Roloff A, Weisgerber H, Lang U, Stimm B, Schütt P, editors. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse. Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie: Wiley-VCH. 2002, pp. 17-29.

Alekseyev V.A., Svetovoy rezhim lesa (The light regime of the forest), Leningrad: Nauka, 1975, 228 p.

Annighöfer P., Beckschäfer P., Vor T., Ammer C., Regeneration patterns of European oak species (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus robur L.) in dependence of environment and neighborhood, PloS one, 2015, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. e0134935. 1-16.

Axelsson E., Lundmark T., Högberg P., Nordin A., Belowground competition directs spatial patterns of seedling growth in boreal pine forests in Fennoscandia, Forests, 2014, Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 2106-2121.

Beland M., Agestam E., Ekö P.M., Gemmel P., Nilsson U., Scarification and seedfall affects natural regeneration of Scots pine under two shelterwood densities and a clear-cut in southern Sweden, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2000, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 247-255.

Booth T.C., Natural regeneration in the nativepinewoods of Scotland. A review of principles and practice, Scottish Forestry, 1984, Vol – 38, pp. 33-42.

Čater M., Batič F., Groundwater and light conditions as factors in the survival of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings, European Journal of Forest Research, 2006, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 419-426.

Caudullo G., Tinner W., de Rigo D., Picea abies in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats., San-Miguel-Ayanz J., de Rigo D., Caudullo G., Houston Durrant T., Mauri A. (eds.) European Atlas of Forest Tree Species, 2016, pp. 114-116 .

Cescatti A., Indirect estimates of canopy gap fraction based on the linear conversion of hemispherical photographs: Methodology and comparison with standard thresholding techniques, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007, Vol. 143, No. 1-2, pp. 1-12.

Chuchalina A.A., Mishchikhina YU.D., Chislennost’, vozrastnaya struktura i zhiznennost’ podrosta sosny v kontrastnykh ekotopakh podzon predlesostepi i sredney taygi (The abundance, age structure, and vitality of pine undergrowth in contrasting ecotopes of sub-steppes and middle taiga subzones), Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2013, No. 1 (39), pp.14-–17.

Chulliat A., Macmillan S., Alken P., Beggan C., Nair M., Hamilton B., Woods A., Ridley V., Maus S., Thomson A., The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2015–2020: Technical Report, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 2015.

Coban S., Colak A.H., Rotherham I.D., Interactions between canopy cover density and regeneration cores of older saplings in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, Forest systems, 2016, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 1-14.

Cvetkov V.F., Problemy lesovozobnovlenija na evropejskom severe Rossii (Reforestation problems in the European North of Russia), In: Lesnye resursy taezhnoj zony Rossii: problemy lesopol’zovanija i lesovosstanovlenija (Forest resources of the taiga zone of Russia: problems of forest management and reforestation), Petrozavodsk: KarNC RAN, 2009, pp. 153-156.

Demakov Ju.P., Diagnostika ustojchivosti lesnyh jekosistem (metodologicheskie i metodicheskie aspekty) Diagnostics of the sustainability of forest ecosystems (methodological and methodological aspects), Joshkar-Ola: Periodika Marij Jel, 2000, 416 p.

Druzhinin N.A., Druzhinin F.N., Koroleva N.S., Shusharin A.P., Lesovosstanovitel’nye processy na torfjanyh pochvah v estestvennyh, osushaemyh, projdennyh rubkami nasazhdenijah (Reforestation processes on peat soils in natural, drained, felled stands), In: Lesopol’zovanie i Gidrolesomelioracija (Forest management and forest reclamation), St. Petersburg; Vologda: Sankt-Peterburgskij nauchno-issledovatel’skij institut lesnogo hozjajstva, Vologodskaja GMH akademija im. N.V. Vereshhagina., 2007, pp. 82-91.

Dyderski M.K., Paź S., Frelich L.E., Jagodziński A.M., How much does climate change threaten European forest tree species distributions?, Global Change Biology, 2018, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 1150-1163.

Ellenberg H., Leuschner C., Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen: in ökologischer, dynamischer und historischer Sicht, Utb, 2010, Vol. 8104, 1095 p.

Evstigneev O.I., Ontogenetic scales of relation of trees to light (on the example of Eastern European forests), Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2018, No. 3, pp. 1-18.

Gattsuk L.Ye., Yermakova I.M., Gattsuk L.Ye., Obshchiye predstavleniya o zhiznennom sostoyanii osobi i tsenopopulyatsii (General ideas about the life state of an individual and cenopopulation), / Gattsuk L.Ye., Yermakova I.M. // Podkhody k izucheniyu tsenopopulyatsiy i konsortsiy., –Moscow: MGPI, 1987, pp. 3-7.

Gill R.M.A., A review of damage by mammals in north temperate forests: 3, Impact on trees and forests, Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 1992, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 363-388.

Gong Y., Studies on the regeneration of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula: Diss, University of Aberdeen, 1992, 234 p.

Grjaz’kin A.V., Vozobnovitel’nyj potencial taezhnyh lesov (Na primere el’nikov Severo-Zapada Rossii) (Rejuvenation potential of taiga forests (On the example of spruce forests of the North-West of Russia)), St. Petersburg: SPbGLTA, 2001, 188 p.

Gutowski J.M., Jaroszewicz B., Zmiany udziału świerka pospolitego w drzewostanach Puszczy Białowieskiej w kontekście dynamiki liczebności kornika drukarza, Wikło A. (ed.) Stan ekosystemów leśnych Puszczy Białowieskiej, 2015, pp. 87-108.

http://csfm.volgatech.net/elearning/vozobnovlenie/text/ (2019, 15 July).

Jarčuška B., Kucbel S., Jaloviar P., Comparison of output results from two programmes for hemispherical image analysis: Gap Light Analyser and WinScanopy, Journal of Forest Science, 2010, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 147-153.

Jekologicheskij monitoring Serpuhovskogo rajona. Otchet o rabote po dogovoru o nauchno-tehnicheskom sotrudnichestve mezhdu IPFS AN SSSR i PTZ (Environmental monitoring of the Serpukhov district. Report on the work under the agreement on scientific and technical cooperation between the IPFS of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Prioksko-Terrasny biosphere reserve), 1989.

Jonckheere I., Fleck S., Nackaerts K., Muys B., Coppin P., Weiss M., Baret F., Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination: Part I. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photography, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2004, Vol. 121, No. 1-2, pp. 19-35.

Jonckheere I., Nackaerts K., Muys B., Coppin P., Assessment of automatic gap fraction estimation of forests from digital hemispherical photography, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2005, Vol. 132, No. 1-2, pp. 96-114.

Kielland-Lund J., Die Waldgesellschaften SO-Norwegens, Phytocoenologia, 1981, pp. 53-250.

Kobak K.I., Alekseyev V.A., Svetovoy i uglekislotnyy rezhimy pod pologom sosnovykh nasazhdeniy kak usloviye proizrastaniya podrocta (Light and carbon dioxide regimes under the canopy of pine forests as a condition for the growth of undergrowth), Svetovoy rezhim, fotosintez i produktivnost’ lesa, Saint-Petersburg, 1965, pp. 23-24.

Komarov A.S., Priputina I.V., Mihajlov A.V., Chertov O.G., Biogeohimicheskij cikl ugleroda v lesnyh jekosistemah centra Evropejskoj Rossii i ego tehnogennye izmenenija (Biogeochemical carbon cycle in forest ecosystems of the center of European Russia and its technogenic changes), In: Pochvennye Processy i Prostranstvenno-Vremennaja Organizacija Pochv (Soil processes and spatio-temporal organization of soils), Kudeyarov V.N. (ed), Moscow: Nauka, 2006, pp. 362-377.

Kuuluvainen T., Ylläsjärvi I., On the natural regeneration of dry heath forests in Finnish Lapland: a review of VT Aaltonen (1919), Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2011, Vol. 26, No. S10, pp. 34-44.

Leblanc S.G., Chen J.M., Fernandes R., Deering D.W., Conley A., Methodology comparison for canopy structure parameters extraction from digital hemispherical photography in boreal forests, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2005, Vol. 129, No. 3-4, pp. 187-207.

Macfarlane C., Coote M., White D.A., Adams M.A., Photographic exposure affects indirect estimation of leaf area in plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, Vol. 100, No. 2-3, pp. 155-168.

Miina J., Saksa T., Predicting establishment of tree seedlings in regeneration areas of Picea abies in southern Finland, Baltic Forestry, 2013, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 187-200.

Montes F., Cañellas I., The spatial relationship between post‐crop remaining trees and the establishment of saplings in Pinus sylvestris stands in Spain, Applied Vegetation Science, 2007, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 151-160.

Morozov G.F., Ucheniye o lese. Vyp. 1, Vvedeniye v biologiyu lesa (The doctrine of the forest. Issue 1, Introduction to forest biology) / G.F. Morozov, Saint-Petersburg, 1912, 183 p.

Niinemets Ü., Valladares F., Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs, Ecological Monographs, 2006, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 521-547.

Nikolayev N.S., Ableyeva V.A., Kharakteristika klimaticheskikh pokazateley territorii Prioksko-territorial’nogo zapovednika za period nablyudeniy 1973–2014 gg. (Characteristics of climatic indicators of the territory of the Prioksko-territorial reserve for the observation period 1973–2014), Trudy Prioksko-Terrasnogo zapovednika, Tula: Akvarius, 2015, Vol. 6, pp. 11-23.

Nilsson U., Gemmel P., Löf M., Welander T., Germination and early growth of sown Quercus robur L. in relation to soil preparation, sowing depths and prevention against predation, New Forests, 1996, Vol. 12, pp. 69-86.

Nobis M., Hunziker U., Automatic thresholding for hemispherical canopy-photographs based on edge detection, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2005, Vol. 128, No. 3-4, pp. 243-250.

Poorter H., De Jong R.O.B., A comparison of specific leaf area, chemical composition and leaf construction costs of field plants from 15 habitats differing in productivity, New Phytologist, 1999, Vol. 143, No. 1, pp. 163-176.

Poorter H., Niklas K.J., Reich P.B., Oleksyn J., Poot P., Mommer L., Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta‐analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control, New Phytologist, 2012, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 30-50.

R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2019, //URL: https://www. R-project. org (2019, October 31)..

Rich P.M., Characterizing plant canopies with hemispherical photographs, Remote Sensing Reviews, 1990, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 13-29.

Ruuska J., Siipilehto J., Valkonen S., Effect of edge stands on the development of young Pinus sylvestris stands in southern Finland, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2008, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 214-226.

Ryazapov R.I., Kabanov S.V., Podpologovaya osveshchennost’ v starovozrastnykh sosnyakakh yestestvennogo proiskhozhdeniya yuzhnoy chasti Privolzhskoy vozvyshennosti i yeye vliyaniye na zhiznennost’ podrosta sosny (Illumination under canopy in old-aged pine trees of natural origin in the southern part of the Volga Upland and its effect on the vitality of pine undergrowth), Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2011, Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 54-60.

Sannikov S.N., Sannikova N.S., Ekologiya yestestvennogo vozobnovleniya sosny pod pologom lesa (Ecology of natural regeneration of pine under the forest canopy). Moscow: Nauka, 1985, 152 p.

Sannikov S.N., Sannikova N.S., Les kak podzemno-somknutaya dendrotsenoekosistema (Forest as an underground-closed dendrocene ecosystem), Sibirskiy lesnoy zhurnal, 2014, No. 1, pp. 25-34.

Shan’gina N.P., Feklistov P.A., Vozobnovlenie korennyh el’nikov i vlijanie jekologicheskih faktorov na formirovanie podrosta pod pologom drevostoev (The resumption of spruce forests and the influence of environmental factors on the formation of undergrowth under the canopy of stands), In: Problemy jekologii v sovremennom mire v svete uchenija V.I. Vernadskogo (Ecological problems in the modern world in the light of the teachings of V.I. Vernadsky), Tambov: Dom TGU, 2010, Vol. 2, pp. 118-122.

Siipilethto J., Height distributions of Scots pine sapling stands affected by retained tree and edge stand competition, Silva Fennica, 2006, Vol. 40, No 3, pp. 473-486.

Smirnov E.G., Belenec Ju.E., Sostojanie lesovosstanovlenija v uslovijah chernichnikovoj gruppy tipov lesa Leningradskoj oblasti (The state of reforestation under the conditions of the bilberry group of forest types of the Leningrad Region), In: Lesopol’zovanie i Gidrolesomelioracija (Forest management and forest reclamation), St. Petersburg; Vologda: Sankt-Peterburgskij nauchno-issledovatel’skij institut lesnogo hozjajstva, Vologodskaja GMH akademija im. N.V. Vereshhagina., 2007, pp. 76-78.

Smirnova O.V., Vostochnoevropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost’ (Eastern European forests: history in the Holocene and modernity), Moscow: Nauka, 2004, Book 1, 479 p.

Šúri M., Huld T.A., Dunlop E.D., PV-GIS: a web-based solar radiation database for the calculation of PV potential in Europe, International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2005, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 55-67.

Suslova E.G., Lesa Moskovskoj oblasti (Forests of the Moscow region), Jekosistemy: jekologija i dinamika, 2019, Vol. 3, No. 1., pp. 119-190

SZ RF (Forest plan of the Moscow Region), 2018, Book 1, 160 p.

Szydlarski M., Modrzyński J., Increase of natural regeneration area of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in the Kaszuby Lake District during the decade 2002–2012, Forest Research Papers, 2015, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 66-72.

Thimonier A., Sedivy I., Schleppi P., Estimating leaf area index in different types of mature forest stands in Switzerland: a comparison of methods, European Journal of Forest Research, 2010, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 543-562.

Utkin A.I., Zamolodchikov D.G., Chestnykh O.V., Korovin G.N., Zukert N.V., Lesa Rossii kak rezervuar organicheskogo ugleroda biosfery (Russian forests as a reservoir of organic carbon of the biosphere), Lesovedeniye, 2001, No. 5, pp. 8-23.

Wagner S., Calibration of grey values of hemispherical photographs for image analysis, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1998, Vol. 90, No. 1-2, pp. 103-117.

Wittich W., Die standörtlichen Bedingungen für die natürliche Verjüngung der Kiefer und für ihre Erziehung unter Schirm, Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung, 1955, Vol. 126, pp. 109-117.

Wyka T.P., Oleksyn J., Żytkowiak R., Karolewski P., Jagodziński A.M., Reich P.B., Responses of leaf structure and photosynthetic properties to intra-canopy light gradients: a common garden test with four broadleaf deciduous angiosperm and seven evergreen conifer tree species, Oecologia, 2012, Vol. 170, No. 1, pp. 11-24.

Yazdani R., Lindgren D., Hur tallens gener sprids vid naturlig föryngring under fröträd., SLU. Skogsfakta. Biologi och skogsskötsel, 1990, – 74 p.

Yevstigneyev O.I. Svetovoy minimum podrosta derev’yev khvoyno-shirokolistvennogo lesa (Light minimum of undergrowth of trees of coniferous-deciduous forest), Strukturno-funktsional’naya organizatsiya i dinamika rastitel’nogo pokrova, 2012, pp. 181-184.

Zhang Y., Chen J.M., Miller J.R., Determining digital hemispherical photograph exposure for leaf area index estimation, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2005, Vol. 133, No. 1-4, pp. 166-181.

Zhilyayev G.G., Zhiznesposobnost’ populyatsiy rasteniy (Viability of plant populations), G.G. Zhilyayev; editor in chief. K.A. Malinovskiy (ed.), L’vov Lviv, 2005, 304 p.

Zhukova L.A., Mnogoobraziye putey ontogeneza v populyatsiyakh rasteniy (The diversity of ontogenesis pathways in plant populations), Ekologiya, 2001, No. 3, pp. 169-176.

Professor Olga V. Smirnova’s system of views in forest ecosystem ecology

lena — Tue, 08 Oct 2019 11:18:18 +0000

O.I. Evstigneev^1,3*, V.N. Korotkov²

¹State Nature Biosphere Reserve “Bryanskii Les”, Nerussa Station, Bryansk Oblast, 242180, Russia

²Yu. A. Israel Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, 20B Glebovskaya st., Moscow, 107258, Russia

³Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS, Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

*E-mail: quercus_eo@mail.ru

Received 16 September 2019

Professor Olga V. Smirnova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is a prominent scientist in the field of plant demography, population biology and forest ecosystem ecology. Professor Smirnova’s edifice is based on ideas about the leading role of plant and animal populations in the organisation of the biogeocenotic cover. In this case, it is implied that a continuous turnover of generations in populations of edificators (key species) is necessary to maintain the species and structural diversity of communities and ensure their sustainability. This system of views was formed under the influence of Professor Alexey A. Uranov. The development of these ideas was consistent and gradual. First, Professor Smirnova studied the biology of different plant species life forms. Examining their individual development, with identification of ontogenetic stages, is necessary for demographic research. She then developed the theory of coenopopulations as supraorganismal systems, which can self-sustain under different conditions. Finally, she developed the doctrine of biogeocenosis as a system of interacting populations and created the concept of anthropogenic transformation of the forest cover in the Holocene. Her contributions helped researchers to understand the mechanisms of the formation of modern zonality that are due to human activity.

Key words: plant biological age, plant population strategy, coenopopulation, edificator, forest biogeocenology, modern zonality, historical ecology

REFERENCES

Alejnikov A.A., Sostojanie populjacii i sredopreobrazujushhaja dejatel’nost’ bobra evropejskogo na territorii zapovednika «Brjanskij les» i ego ohrannoj zony: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Population status and environmental activity of the European beaver on the territory of the reserve “Bryansk forest” and its protection zone. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Tol’jatti: In-t jekologii Volzhskogo bassejna RAN, 2010. 22 p.

Argunova M.V., Ekologicheskoe obrazovanie v interesah ustojchivogo razvitija kak nadpredmetnoe napravlenie modernizacii shkol’nogo obrazovanija: avtoref. dis. … d-ra. ped. nauk (Environmental education for sustainable development as a non-objective direction of modernization of school education. Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis). Moscow: Mosk. gos. obl. un-t, 2010. 47 p.

Argunova M.V., Populjacionnaja organizacija dubovo-grabovyh lesov Zapadnoj Ukrainy i optimizacija ih struktury: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Population organization of oak-hornbeam forests of Western Ukraine and optimization of their structure. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1993. 16 p.

Barinova M.A., Vlijanie vodohranilishha na sinuzii zelenyh mhov doliny Giljuja: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (The reservoir effect on sinusoi green mosses of the valley Gilya. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1997. 16 p.

Bobrovskaja N.E., Formirovanie struktury kron listvennyh i hvojnyh derev’ev v ontogeneze: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Formation of crown structure of deciduous and coniferous trees in ontogenesis. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPU, 2001. 19 p.

Bobrovskij M.V., Bioticheskie i antropogennye faktory dolgovremennoj dinamiki lesnyh pochv Evropejskoj Rossii: avtoref. dis. … d-ra biol. nauk (Biotic and anthropogenic factors of long-term dynamics of forest soils in European Russia. Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis). Vladimir: im. A.G. i N.G. Stoletovyh, 2013. 48 p.

Bobrovskij M.V., Raznoobrazie rastitel’nosti i pochv zapovednika «Kaluzhskie zaseki» i ego svjaz’ s tradicionnym prirodopol’zovaniem: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Diversity of vegetation and soils of the reserve “Kaluga Zaseki” and its connection with traditional nature management. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPU, 2004. 23 p.

Bogdanova N.G., Formirovanie travjanogo pokrova hvojno-shirokolistvennyh i shirokolistvennyh lesov v hode vosstanovitel’nyh sukcessij v Nerusso-Desnjanskom poles’e: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (The formation of grass cover coniferous and deciduous forests during the restoration successions in Nerussa-Desna Polesye). Moscow: MGPU, 2006. 21 p.

Braslavskaja T.Ju., Biologicheskoe raznoobrazie i dinamika rastitel’nosti v pojme maloj reki Juzhnogo Nechernozem’ja (na primere r. Nerussa, Brjanskaja obl.): avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Biological diversity and vegetation dynamics in the floodplain of the small river of the southern non-Chernozem region (by the example of the Neruss river, Bryansk region). Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPU, 2001. 21 p.

Cenopopuljacii rastenij (ocherki populjacionnoj biologii) (Plant coenopopulations (essays on population biology)). Moscow: Nauka, 1988, 184 p.

Cenopopuljacii rastenij (osnovnye ponjatija i struktura) (Plant coenopopulations (basic concepts and structure)), Moscow: Nauka, 1976, 217 p.

Cenopopuljacii rastenij (razvitie i vzaimootnoshenija) (Plant coenopopulations (development and relationships)), Moscow: Nauka, 1977, 135 p.

Chumachenko S.I., Biojekologicheskaja model’ raznovozrastnogo lesnogo cenoza: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Bioecological model of uneven-aged forest cenosis. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1993, 16 p.

Chumachenko S.I., Imitacionnoe modelirovanie mnogovidovyh raznovozrastnyh lesnyh nasazhdenij: avtoref. dis. … d-ra biol. nauk (Simulation modeling of multi-species multi-age forest stands. Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis). Moscow: Mosk. gos. u-t lesa, 2006, 32 p.

Dinamika cenopopuljacij rastenij (Dynamics of plant coenopopulations). Moscow: Nauka, 1985, 208 p.

European Russian Forests. Their Current State and Features of Their History. Smirnova O., Bobrovsky M., Khanina L. (eds.). Dordrecht: Springer Nature, 2017. 566 p.

Evstigneev O.I., Fitocenotipy i otnoshenie listvennyh derev’ev k svetu: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Fitocenotype and the relation of deciduous trees to light. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPI im. V.I. Lenina, 1990. 17 p.

Evstigneev O.I., Mehanizmy podderzhanija biologicheskogo raznoobrazija lesnyh biogeocenozov: avtoref. dis. … d-ra biol. nauk (Mechanisms of maintenance of biological diversity of forest biogeocenoses. Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis). Nizhnij Novgorod: NNGU im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, 2010. 48 p.

Evstigneev O.I., Populjacionnye strategii vidov derev’ev (Population strategies of tree species), Vostochnoevropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost’. Moscow: Nauka, 2004, Vol. 1. pp. 176-205.

Evstigneev O.I., Didenko E.G., Populjacionnye strategii vidov kustarnikov (Population strategies of shrub species), Vostochnoevropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost’ (Eastern European forests: history in Holocene and contemporaneity). Moscow: Nauka, 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 205-224.

Grime J.P., Plant strategies and vegetation processes, N.Y., 1979, 222 p.

Haritonenkov M.A., Rol’ antropogennogo faktora v formirovanii rastitel’nogo pokrova juga Zapadno-Sibirskoj ravniny v jepohu tradicionnogo prirodopol’zovanija (s pozdnego paleolita do konca XIX v.): avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (The role of anthropogenic factor in the formation of vegetation cover of the South of the West Siberian plain in the era of traditional nature management (from the late Paleolithic to the end of the XIX century). Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: Mosk. gos. obl. un-t, 2012, 25 p.

Istomina I.I., Kvazisenil’nost’ i ee rol’ v zhizni drevesnyh rastenij: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Quasi-senility and its role in the life of woody plants. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1993. 16 p.

Kalyakin V.N., Turubanova S.A., Smirnova O.V., The origin and development of the East European taiga in late Cenozoic, Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2016, Vol. 1, No 1, pp. 1-26, DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2016-1-2.

Kiseleva L.L., Jekologo-floristicheskij analiz jekotonnyh soobshhestv central’noj lesostepi: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Ecological and floristic analysis of ecotonic communities of the Central forest-steppe. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1994, 16 p.

Korotkov V.N., Demutacionnye processy v ostrovnyh lesnyh massivah (na primere GIZL «Gorki Leninskie» i Kanevskogo zapovednika): avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Demutation processes in island forests (on the example GISL Gorki Leninskie and Kanev nature reserve). Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1993, 16 p.

Korotkov V.N., Novaja paradigma v lesnoj jekologii (New paradigm in forest ecology), Biologicheskie nauki, 1991, No 8, pp. 7-20.

Lugovaja D.L., Rol’ jekotopicheskih i antropogennyh faktorov v formirovanii vidovogo i strukturnogo raznoobrazija juzhnotaezhnyh lesov (vostok Kostromskoj oblasti): avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (The role of ecotopic and anthropogenic factors in the formation of species and structural diversity of South taiga forests (East of Kostroma region). Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU, 2008, 28 p.

Nedoseko O.I., Ontomorfogenez Salix pentandra L., Salix caprea L., Salix cinerea L.: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (The ontomorphogenesis Salix pentandra L., Salix caprea L., Salix cinerea L. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1993, 16 p.

Nedoseko O.I., Stanovlenie zhiznennyh form i arhitektoniki kron boreal’nyh vidov iv podrodov Salix i Vetrix Dumort. v ontogeneze: avtoref. dis. … d-ra biol. nauk (Formation of life forms and architectonics of crowns of boreal species of willows of subgenera Salix and Vetrix Dumort. in ontogenesis. Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis), Moscow: MSHA im. K.A. Timirjazeva, 2018, 43 p.

Ocenka i sohranenija bioraznoobrazija lesnogo pokrova v zapovednikah Evropejskoj Rossii (Assessment and conservation of forest cover biodiversity in reserves of European Russia), Moscow: Nauchnyj mir, 2000, 196 p.

Ontogenez i vozrastnoj sostav populjacij cvetkovyh rastenij (Ontogenesis and age composition of flowering plant populations), Moscow: Nauka, 1967, 156 p.

Popov S.Ju., Struktura i dinamika rastitel’nosti Kerzhenskogo zapovednika: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Structure and dynamics of vegetation of Kerzhensky reserve. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU, 2008, 20 p.

Rabotnov T.A., Zhiznennyj cikl mnogoletnih travjanistyh rastenij v lugovyh cenozah (Life cycle of perennial herbaceous plants in meadow cenoses), Trudy BIN ANSSSR, Ser. 3, Geobotanika, 1950, Vol. 6, pp. 7-204.

Ramenskij L.G., O principial’nyh ustanovkah, osnovnyh ponjatijah i terminah proizvodstvennoj tipologii zemel’, geobotaniki i jekologii (On fundamental principles, basic concepts and terms of production typology of land, geobotany and ecology), Sovetskaja botanika, 1935, No 4, pp. 25-41.

Ripa S.I., Populjacionno-cenoticheskij analiz gornyh bukovyh i smeshannyh lesov Ukrainskih Karpat: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Population-cenotic analysis of mountain beech and mixed forests of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1997, 16 p.

Romanovskij A.M., Osobennosti ontogeneza i fitocenoticheekaja rol’ eli evropejskoj v lesah Nerusso-Desnjanskogo poles’ja: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Features of ontogenesis and phytocenotic role of spruce in the forests Nerussa-Desna Polesye. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU, 2006, 18 p.

Samohina T.Ju., Struktura i spontannaja dinamika hvojno-shirokolistvennyh lesov Srednego Urala: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Structure and spontaneous dynamics of coniferous broad-leaved forests of the Middle Urals. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), M.: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1997, 16 p.

Sarycheva E.P., Strukturnoe i vidovoe raznoobrazie chernool’hovyh lesov centra evropejskoj Rossii (na primere zapovednikov «Brjanskij les» i «Voroninskij»): avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Structural and species diversity of black alder forests in the center of European Russia (on the example of reserves «Bryansk forest» and «Voroninsky») Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), M.: MGPU, 2000, 16 p.

Shanijazova Z.P., Populjacionnaja biologija jefemerov Karakalpakii: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Population biology of the ephemera of Karakalpakstan. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPU im. V.I. Lenina, 1994, 16 p.

Shestakova A.A., Jekologo-cenoticheskie i floristicheskie osobennosti organizacii briobioty na territorii Nizhegorodskoj oblasti: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Ecological-cenotic and floristic features of the organization of mosses in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Nizhnij Novgorod: NNGU im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, 2005, 28 p.

Shorina N.I., Kurchenko E.I., Grigor’eva N.M., Aleksej Aleksandrovich Uranov (1901–1974) (Alexei Alexandrovich Uranov, 1901-1974) // Samarskaja Luka: problemy regional’noj i global’noj jekologii, 2014, Vol. 23, No 1, pp. 93-129.

Smirnova O.V., Populjacionnaja organizacija biocenoticheskogo pokrova lesnyh landshaftov (Population organization of biocenotic cover of forest landscapes), Uspehi sovrem. biol., 1998, Vol. 118, No 2, pp. 148-165.

Smirnova O.V., Populjacionnaja organizacija biogeocenoticheskogo pokrova lesnyh territorij (Population organization of biogeocenosis cover of forest territories), Ocenka i sohranenija bioraznoobrazija lesnogo pokrova v zapovednikah Evropejskoj Rossii (Assessment and conservation of forest cover biodiversity in reserves of European Russia), Moscow: Nauchnyj mir, 2000, pp. 14-22.

Smirnova O.V., Povedenie vidov i funkcional’naja organizacija travjanogo pokrova shirokolistvennyh lesov (na primere ravninnyh shirokolistvennyh lesov Evropejskoj chasti SSSR i lipnjakov Sibiri): dis. … d-ra biol. nauk (Behavior of species and functional organization of grass cover of broad-leaved forests (on the example of flat broad-leaved forests of the European part of the USSR and Linden forests of Siberia). Doctor’s thesis), Leningrad: LGU im. A.A. Zhdanova, 1983, 685 p.

Smirnova O.V., Povedenie vidov i funkcional’naja organizacija travjanogo pokrova shirokolistvennyh lesov Evropejskoj chasti SSSR (Behavior of species and functional organization of grass cover of deciduous forests of the European part of the USSR), Bjul. MOIP. Otd. biol., 1980, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 53-67.

Smirnova O.V., Struktura travjanogo pokrova shirokolistvennyh lesov (Grass cover structure of broad-leaved forests), Moscow: Nauka, 1987, 208 p.

Smirnova O.V., Zhiznennye cikly, chislennost’ i vozrastnoj sostav populjacij osnovnyh komponentov travjanogo pokrova dubrav: dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Life cycles, number and age composition of populations of the main components of oak grass cover. Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: MGPI im. V.I. Lenina, 1968, 285 p.

Smirnova O.V., Bakun E.Ju., Turubanova S.A., Predstavlenie o potencial’nom i vosstanovlennom rastitel’nom pokrove lesnogo pojasa Vostochnoj Evropy (Understanding of the potential and restored vegetation cover of the forest belt of Eastern Europe), Lesovedenie, 2006, No 1, pp. 22-33.

Smirnova O.V., Bobrovskij M.V., Vozdejstvie proizvodjashhego hozjajstva na sostav i strukturu lesnogo pokrova (The impact of the producing economy on the composition and structure of forest cover), Ocenka i sohranenija bioraznoobrazija lesnogo pokrova v zapovednikah Evropejskoj Rossii (Assessment and conservation of forest cover biodiversity in reserves of European Russia), Moscow: Nauchnyj mir, 2000, pp. 22-26.

Smirnova O.V., Chistjakova A.A., Analiz fitocenoticheskih potencij nekotoryh drevesnyh vidov shirokolistvennyh lesov Evropejskoj chasti SSSR (Analysis of phytocenotic potencies of some woody species of broad-leaved forests of the European part of the USSR), Zhurn. obshh. biol., 1980, Vol. 41, No 3, pp. 350-362.

Smirnova O.V., Chistjakova A.A., Drobysheva T.I., Cenopopuljacionnyj analiz i prognozy razvitija dubovo-grabovyh lesov Ukrainy (Cenopopulation analysis and forecasts of development of oak-hornbeam forests in Ukraine), Zhurn. obshh. biol., 1987, Vol. 48, No 2, pp. 200-212.

Smirnova O.V., Chistjakova A.A., Popadjuk R.V., Populjacionnye mehanizmy dinamiki lesnyh cenozov (Population mechanisms of the dynamics of forest cenoses). Biologicheskie nauki, 1989, No 11, pp. 48-58.

Smirnova O.V., Chistjakova A.A., Popadjuk R.V., Evstigneev O.I., Korotkov V.N., Mitrofanova M.V., Ponomarenko E.V., Populjacionnaja organizacija rastitel’nogo pokrova lesnyh territorij (na primere shirokolistvennyh lesov evropejskoj chasti SSSR) (Population organization of vegetation cover of forest areas (on the example of broad-leaved forests of the European part of the USSR)), Pushhino: ONTI Nauchnyj centr biol. issledovanij AN SSSR, 1990, 92 p.

Smirnova O.V., Chistjakova A.A., Ripa S.I., Lysyh N.I., Populjacionnaja organizacija bukovyh lesov Zakarpat’ja (Population organization of beech forests in Transcarpathia), Bjul. MOIP. Otd. biol., 1989, Vol. 94, No 5, pp. 78-91.

Smirnova O.V., Geraskina A.P., Aleinikov A.A., The concept “complementarity” as the basis for model and nature reconstruction of potential biota in the current climate, Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2018, Vol. 3, No 3, pp. 1-21, DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2018-3-1.

Smirnova O.V., Kaljakin V.N., Turubanova S.A., Bobrovskij M.V., Sovremennaja zonal’nost’ Vostochnoj Evropy kak rezul’tat preobrazovanija pozdneplejstocenovogo kompleksa kljuchevyh vidov (Modern zoning of Eastern Europe as a result of transformation of the late Pleistocene complex of key species), Mamont i ego okruzhenie: 200 let izuchenija (Mammoth and its environment: 200 years of study), Moscow: Geos, 2001a, pp. 200-208.

Smirnova O.V., Lugovaja D.L., Prokazina T.S., Model’naja rekonstrukcija vosstanovlennogo lesnogo pokrova taezhnyh lesov (Model reconstruction of the restored forest cover of taiga forests), Uspehi sovrem. biol., 2013, Vol. 133, No 2, pp. 164-177.

Smirnova O.V., Popadjuk R.V., Chistjakova A.A., Populjacionnye metody opredelenija minimal’noj ploshhadi lesnogo cenoza (Population methods for determining the minimum area of forest cenosis), Bot. zhurn., 1988, Vol. 73, No 10, pp. 1423-1433.

Smirnova O.V., Popadjuk R.V., Janickaja T.O., Korotkov V.N., Puti vosstanovlenija populjacionnoj struktury i vidovogo raznoobrazija v lesnyh demutacionnyh kompleksah (Ways of restoration of population structure and species diversity in forest demutation complexes), Biologicheskie nauki, 1992, No 5, pp. 7-25.

Smirnova O.V., Toropova N.A., Potencial’naja rastitel’nost’ i potencial’nyj jekosistemnyj pokrov (Potential vegetation and potential ecosystem cover), Uspehi sovrem. biol., 2016, Vol. 136. No 2, pp. 199-211.

Smirnova O.V., Toropova N.A., Potential ecosystem cover – a new approach to conservation biology, Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2016, Vol. 1, No 1, pp. 1-16, DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2016-1-1.

Smirnova O.V., Toropova N.A., Sukcessija i klimaks kak jekosistemnyj process (Potential vegetation and potential ecosystem cover), Uspehi sovrem. biol., 2008, Vol. 128, No 2, pp. 129-144.

Smirnova O.V., Turubanova S.A., Formirovanie i razvitie Vostochnoevropejskih shirokolistvennyh lesov v golocene (Formation and development of Eastern European broadleaf forests in the Holocene), Bjul. MOIP. Otd. biol., 2003, Vol. 108, No 2, pp. 32-40.

Smirnova O.V., Turubanova S.A., Bobrovskij M.V., Korotkov V.N., Hanina L.G., Rekonstrukcija istorii biocenoticheskogo pokrova Vostochnoj Evropy i problema podderzhanija biologicheskogo raznoobrazija (Reconstruction of the history of the biocenotic cover of Eastern Europe and the problem of maintaining biological diversity), Uspehi sovrem. biol., 2001b, No 2, pp. 144-159.

Smirnova O.V., Voznjak R.R., Evstigneev O.I., Korotkov V.N., Nosach N.Ja., Popadjuk R.V., Samojlenko V.K., Toropova N.A., Populjacionnaja diagnostika i prognozy razvitija zapovednyh lesnyh massivov (na primere Kanevskogo zapovednika) (Population diagnostics and forecasts of development of protected forests (on the example of Kanev reserve)), Bot. zhurn. 1991, Vol. 76, No 6, pp. 860-871.

Smirnova O.V., Zaugol’nova L.A., Popadjuk R.V., Populjacionnaja koncepcija v biocenologii (Population concept in biotsenology), Zhurn. obshh. biol. 1993, Vol. 54, No 4, pp. 438-448.

Smirnova Ol’ga Vsevolodovna // Intellektual’naya Sistema Tematicheskogo Issledovaniya Naukometricheskih dannyh (Intelligent System case Studies Scientometric data), available at: http://istina.msu.ru/profile/sov1933/.

Sugorkina N.S., Ontogenez i osobennosti populjacionnoj biologii vidov roda geran’: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Ontogenesis and peculiarities of population biology of geranium species. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPI im. V.I. Lenina, 1989, 17 p.

Turubanova S.A., Jekologicheskij scenarij istorii formirovanija zhivogo pokrova Evropejskoj Rossii i sopredel’nyh territorij na osnove rekonstrukcii arealov kljuchevyh vidov zhivotnyh i rastenij: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Ecological scenario of the history of the formation of the living cover of European Russia and adjacent territories on the basis of the reconstruction of the habitats of key species of animals and plants. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis), Moscow: In-t biol. Komi nauchn. centra Ural’skogo otd. RAN, 2002, 23 p.

Voprosy morfogeneza cvetkovyh rastenij i stroenija ih populjacij (Morphogenesis of flowering plants and the structure of their populations). Moscow: Nauka, 1968, 234 p.

Vostochnoevropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost’ (Eastern European forests: history in Holocene and contemporaneity). Moscow: Nauka, 2004a, Vol. 1, 479 p.

Vostochnoevropejskie lesa: istorija v golocene i sovremennost’ (Eastern European forests: history in Holocene and contemporaneity). Moscow: Nauka, 2004b, Vol. 2, 575 p.

Vostochnoevropejskie shirokolistvennye lesa (Eastern European broadleaf forests). Moscow: Nauka, 1994, 364 p.

Vozrastnoj sostav populjacij cvetkovyh rastenij v svjazi s ih ontogenezom (Age composition of flowering plant populations due to their ontogenesis). Moscow: MGPI im. V.I. Lenina, 1974, 216 p.

Zaprudina M.V., Mikromozaichnaja organizacija travjano-kustarnichkovogo i mohovogo pokrova srednetaezhnyh temnohvojnyh lesov Urala: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk (Micromosaic organization of grass-shrub and moss cover of middle taiga dark coniferous forests of the Urals. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Moscow: MGPU, M., 2012, 23 p.

Zaugol’nova L.A., Zhukova L.A., Popadjuk R.V., Smirnova O.V., Kriticheskoe sostojanie cenopopuljacij rastenij (The critical state of plant coenopopulations), Problemy ustojchivosti biologicheskih sistem. Moscow: Nauka, 1992, pp. 51–59.

Zaugol’nova L.B., Struktura cenopopuljacij semennyh rastenij i problemy ih monitoringa: dis. … d-ra biol. nauk (Structure of seed plant coenopopulations and problems of their monitoring. Doctor’s thesis). SPb: SPb gos. un-t, 1994, 70 p.

Zaugol’nova L.B., Svjaz’ vozrastnogo spektra cenopopuljacij s biologicheskimi svojstvami vida (Relation of age spectrum of coenopopulations with biological properties of a species), In: Vozrastnoj sostav populjacij cvetkovyh rastenij v svjazi s ih ontogenezom (Age composition of flowering plant populations due to their ontogenesis). Moscow: MGPI im. V.I. Lenina, 1974, pp. 38–55.

Zaugol’nova L.B., Smirnova O.V., Vozrastnaja struktura cenopopuljacij mnogoletnih rastenij i ee dinamika (Age structure of perennial plant coenopopulations and its dynamics), Zhurn. obshh. biol. 1978. Vol. 39, No 6, pp. 849–858.

Zaugol’nova L.B., Smirnova O.V., Komarov A.S., Hanina L.G., Monitoring fitopopuljacij (Monitoring of phytopopulation), Uspehi sovrem. biol. 1993, Vol. 113, No 4, pp. 402–414.

Zhukova L.A., Mir prinadlezhit optimistam (The world belongs to the optimists), Polivariantnost’ razvitija organizmov, populjacij i soobshhestv. Joshkar-Ola: Mar. gos. un-t, 2006. pp. 229-278.

Situation with protection of forests against illegal loggings in Russian Federation

lena — Tue, 08 Oct 2019 11:14:30 +0000

Y.N. Gagarin¹, A.A. Dobrovolsky^2*, A.P. Smirnov²

¹Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

²Saint-Petersburg State Forestry University

Institutsky per., 5, bldg. U, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia

*E-mail: alexander-83@yandex.ru

Received 08 May 2019

Currently, the focus of international attention to forest issues has shifted from monitoring compliance with the principles of sustainable forest management to monitoring the legality of forest use, to the introduction of an international “regime of legality” in the forest sector. Opposition to illegal logging is growing in the world. The Russian Federation has a long and successful experience in preserving its forests, and has repeatedly initiated international agreements and negotiation processes on forest conservation, including the issue of illegal logging. Unfortunately, for a number of reasons, in the last five years, there have been no international activities and coordination activities of the Russian Federation in these processes. The forest legislation of the Russian Federation has no clear definition of “illegal logging”. Currently, illegal logging is detected mainly outside the boundaries of forest land – during the arrest of violators during transportation and / or sale of illegally harvested wood. This system is random (periodic raids, law enforcement operations) and allows to detect only a small part of offenses related to illegal logging. The volumes of illegal logging presented by official statistics do not correspond to real figures, they are underestimated many times. In this regard, the decisions taken by the state are either erroneous or do not reflect the depth of the existing problem. The current number of forest guards and their technical equipment do not allow for the adequate protection of forests, timely detection of illegal logging and bringing violators to justice. Decisions to replace forest protection with remote monitoring tools and information systems proved to be untenable. It is necessary to encourage state forest management bodies to receive maximum forest income in order to maintain a full-fledged, technically equipped forest protection. It is also necessary create a special fund of the Russian Federation for the forests protection and regeneration using cash inflow from the payments for the use of forests (by analogy with the creation of a system of road funds in the Russian Federation).

Key words: illegal logging, volumes of illegal logging, causes of illegal logging, improvement of the forest legislation of the Russian Federation

REFERENCES

Arts B., Buizer M. Forests, discourses, institutions: a discursive-institutional analysis of global forest governance, Forest Policy Econ., 2009, No 11 (5), pp. 340-347.

Australia Illegal Logging Prohibition Act, 2012, URL: http://www.forestlegali-ty.org/policy/australia-illegal-logging-prohibition-act, (2019, March 28).

Brancalion P.H.S., De Almeida D.R.A., Vidal E.A., Molin P.G., Sontag V.E., Souza S.E.X.F., Schulze M.D, Fake legal logging in the Brazilian Amazon, Science Advances, 2018, No 4 (8). P. 1-8.

Brown D., Schreckenberg K., Bird N., Cerutti P., Filippo D., Gatto, Diaw C., Fomété T., Luttrell C., Navarro G., Oberndorf R., Thiel H., Wells A., Legal Timber: Verification and Governance in the Forest Sector, London: Overseas Development Institute, 2008, 353 p.

Cashore B., Stone M. Can legality verification rescue global forest governance? Analyzing the potential of public and private policy intersection to ameliorate forest challenges in Southeast Asia, Forest Policy Econ., 2012, No18, pp. 13-22.

Cherekaeva E.A. Nezakonnaja rubka lesov i lesnyh nasazhdenij: konceptual’nyj podhod (Illegal logging of forests and forest plantations: a conceptual approach), Agrarnoe i zemel’noe pravo, 2014, Vol. 6 (114), pp. 87-90.

Condé T.M., Higuchi N., Lima A.J.N. Illegal selective logging and forest fires in the northern Brazilian Amazon, Forests, 2019, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-22.

Davenport D.S. An alternative explanation for the failure of the UNCED forest negotiations, Glob. Environ. Polit., 2005, No 5 (1), pp. 105-130.

EAMC. Ministerial declaration on Forest Law Enforcement and Governance. East Asia Ministerial Conference, Bali, Indonesia held 11-13 September 2001 for East Asian and other regions.

EC. Proposal for an EU Action Plan. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT), Brussels 21.05.2003 COM (2003) 251 final (2003), pp. 1-32.

FAO. Forest certification. Sustainable Forestry Management (SFM) Toolbox (2017).

Gulbrandsen L.H. Overlapping public and private governance: can forest certification fill the gaps in the global forest regime? Glob. Environ. Polit., 2004, No 4 (2), pp. 75-99.

http://www.ach.gov.ru/activities/bulleten/bulletin-of-the-accounting-chamber-5-may-2018.php?clear_cache=Y/, (2019, March 28).

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_129583/, (2019, March 28).

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_211007/, (2019, March 28).

http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/toolbox/modules/forest-certification/in-more-depth/en/ (2019, March 28).

http://www.vsrf.ru/documents/own/8308/, (2019, March 28).

IUFRO annual Report, 2016. www.iufro.org, (2019, March 28).

Kabanec A. G., Milakovskij B.D., Lepeshkin E.A., Sychikov D.V. Nezakonnye rubki na Dal’nem Vostoke: mirovoj spros na drevesinu i unichtozhenie Ussurijskoj tajgi (obzor) (Illegal logging in the Far East: global demand for timber and the destruction of the Ussuri taiga (review)), Moscow: Vsemirnyj fond dikoj prirody, 2013, 39 p.

Kabanec A.G., Chuvasov E.V., Sychikov A.V., Sychikov D.V., Milakovskij B.D. Praktika rubok uhoda i sanitarnyh rubok na Dal’nem Vostoke Rossii: zakonnoe prikrytie nezakonnyh rubok (obzor) (The practice of thinning and sanitary cutting in the Russian Far East: legal cover for illegal logging (review)). Vladivostok: Vsemirnyj fond dikoj prirody, 2016, 32 p.

Kachina N.V. Problemy ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za nezakonnuju rubku lesnyh nasazhdenij (Problems of criminal liability for illegal logging of forest stands), Sovremennoe pravo, 2011, Vol. 9, pp 84-87.

Kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ob administrativnyh pravonarusheniyah ot 30.12.2001 (Administrative Offenses Code of Russian Federation from 30.12.2001), SZ RF, 2002, No. 1, art. 1.

Lacey Act – United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2008, URL: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/import-informa-tion/sa_lacey_act., (2019, March 28).

Lee J.H., Kubo Y., Fujiwara T., Septiana R.M., Riyanto S., Iwasa Y. Profit Sharing as a Management Strategy for a State-owned Teak Plantation at High Risk for Illegal Logging, Ecological Economics, 2018, No 149, pp. 140-148.

Lesnoj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (Forest Code of Russian Federation), SZ RF 2006, No 50, art. 5278.

Lopina O.D., Ptichnikov A.V., Voropaev A.I. Nelegal’nye rubki na Severo-Zapade Rossii i jeksport rossijskoj lesnoj produkcii v Shveciju (Illegal logging in the North-West of Russia and export of Russian forest products to Sweden), Moscow: Vsemirnyj fond dikoj prirody, 2003, 30 p.

Martynjuk A.A., Kuz’michev E.P., Trushina I.G. Nelegal’nye rubki: mezhdunarodnyj politicheskij kontekst (Illegal logging: the international political context), Lesohozjajstvennaja informacija, 2018, Vol. 1, pp. 50-62.

Nathan I., Hansen C.P., Cashore B. Timber legality verification in practice: support and institutionalization, Forest Policy Econ., 2014, Vol. 48, pp. 1-5.

Nellemann C., Henriksen R., Raxter P., Ash N., Mrema E. (Eds). The Environmental Crime Crisis – Threats to Sustainable Development from Illegal Exploitation and Trade in Wildlife and Forest Resources. A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment, United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, Nairobi and Arendal, 2014, 108 р.

O Federal’noj sluzhbe lesnogo hozyajstva Rossii (About the Federal Forestry Service of Russia: Resolution of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation), SZ RF, 1999, No. 1, art. 27.

O vnesenii izmenenij v Lesnoj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii i otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii v chasti sovershenstvovaniya vosproizvodstva lesov i lesorazvedeniya (On Amendments to the Forest Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses), SZ RF, 2013, No. 36, art. 6980.

O vnesenii izmenenij v rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 13.06.2014 № 1047-r (On Amendments to the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation from 13.06.2014, No. 1047-p), SZ RF, 2017, No. 52, art. 3050.

Ob ischislenii razmera vreda, prichinennogo lesam v sledstvie narusheniya lesnogo zakonodatel’stva About the calculation of the amount of damage caused to forests as a result of violation of forest legislation: Government Decree), SZ RF, 2007, No. 11, art. 2437.

Overdevest C., Zeitlin J. Assembling an experimentalist regime: transnational governance interactions in the forest sector, Regul. Gov., 2014, No 8, pp. 22-48.

Petrov A.P. Korrupcionnye riski, obuslovlennye lesnim zakonodatel’stvom: ih ekonomicheskie, ekologicheskie i socialnye posledstvia, Sovershenstvovanie pravoprimenenia I upravlenia v lesnom sektore Rossiskoi Federacii, (Corruption risks due to forest legislation: their economic, environmental and social consequences), In: Improving law enforcement and governance in the forest sector of the Russian Federation), The World Bank, 2011, 240 p.

Petrov A.P. Lesnye otnoshenia v Rossiyskoi Federacii: korrupcionnye factory I riski, puti ih ustranenia: uchebnoe posobie (Forest relations in the Russian Federation: corruption factors and risks, ways to eliminate them: a training manual) Pushkino: VNIILM, 2010, 84 p.

Petrov A.P. Zakon ne pisan (Law not written), Lesnye vesti, 2012, No 10 (60).
Petrov A.P. Ekonomicheskaya organizacia ispol’zovania lesov Rossii v usloviah rynochnyh otnosheniy (Economic organization of the use of Russian forests in the conditions of market relations), Lesnoy vestnik, 2013, No 4, pp. 42-45.

Rayner J., Buck A., Katila P. Embracing complexity: Meeting the challenges of international forest governance. A Global Assesment Report Prepared by the Global Forest Expert Panel on the international Forest Regime IUFRO World Series, Vol. 28, Vienna: International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO), 2010, 172 p.

Reglament (EU) № 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of the council of 20 October 2010, URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:295: 0023:0034:EN:PDF, (2019, March 28).

Shmatkov N. Zakon Lejsii ego rol’ v bor’be s nezakonnymi rubkami (Lacey law and its role in the fight against illegal logging), Ustojchivoe lesopol’zovanie, 2009, Vol. 2 (21), pp. 8-11.

Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), SZ RF, 1996, No. 25, art. 2954.

UNEP Year Book 2012. http://www.earthprint.com, (2019, March 28).

Forestry contribution into food security and nutrition: institutional and economic organization

lena — Tue, 08 Oct 2019 09:18:52 +0000

A.P. Petrov

All-Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry

Institutskaya st. 17, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141200, Russia

E-mail: appetrov180181@gmail.com

Received 21 March 2019

Forestry contribution into food security and nutrition is considered on global, regional and national levels. Methods and indicators to estimate and plan the forestry contribution into food security are presented. There are recommendations to implement liberal conditions for citizenry and organizations to procure food forest values. Multi-purpose use of forest is considered as a base of sustainable forest management.

Key words: food security, nutrition, food forest resources, unpriced forest values, indicators to estimate forestry contribution, access to use food forest resources, multi-purpose forest land use

REFERENCES

Alekseev A.S., Belenkiy Ju.J., Guryanov M.O., Rentnaya otsenka uchastkov lesnogo fonda i raschet arendnoy plati (Rental estimation of forest plots and leasing fee calculation), In: Lesa Rossii: politika, nauka, promyshlennost’, obrazovanie (Forests of Russia: politics, science, industry, education), Mater. of the third international scientific and technical conference, Saint-Petersburg 23-24 May, 2013, Saint-Petersburg, Forest Technical University, 2018, 254-256 p.

Forests, Trees and Landscapes for food security and Nutrition, A Global Assesment Report, 2015, JUFRO World Series, Vol. 33, 172 p.

Koryakin V.A., Analiz tsen na nedrevesnye resursi:problem i perspektivi (Prices for non-wood forest resources analysis: problems and perspectives, In: Sostoyanie i perspektivy ispol’zovaniya nedrevesnyh resursov lesa (State and prospects of using non-timber forest resources): Mater. international conference, Kostroma 10-11 September, 2013, Pushkino, 2014, 73-76 p.

Kosytsin V.N., Otsenka zapasov nedrevesnoy produksii na osnove dannyh gosudarstvennoy inventarizatsii lesov (Non-wood forest resources estimation based on forest inventory), Lesnaya taksatsiya I lesoustroistvo, 2015, No 1, P. 54-56.

Lesnoi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Forest code of the Russian Federation), No. 200-FZ of December 4, 2006, URL: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/rus_e/WTACCRUS58 LEG_255.pdf (2019, 27 February).

O potrebitelskoy kooperatsii (potrebitelskih obschestvah, ih souyzah) v Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Federalny zakon, June 19, 1992, No 3085-1 (Consumers cooperation (consumers societies, their unions) in Russian Federation) Federal Law, June 19, 1992, No 3085-1, URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_608/ (2019, 27 February).

Ob utverzdenii strategii razvitiya lesnogo kompleksa Rossijskoj Federacii do 2030 goda (On approval of strategy of the forest complex development of the Russian Federation for period up to 2030), of September 20, 2018 No 1989-r URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/ cA4eYSe0MObgNpm5hSavTdIxID77KCTL.pdf (2019, 12 February).

Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoj politiki v oblasti ispol’zovaniya, ohrany, zashchity i vosproizvodstva lesov v Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda (On approval of the Fundamentals of the state policy in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 of September 26, 2013 No 1724-r), URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_152506/ (2019, 18 February).

Palenova M.M., Nedrevesnye resursi lesa: mezdunarodnye aspekti (Non-wood forest resources: international aspects), In: Sostoyanie i perspektivy ispol’zovaniya nedrevesnyh resursov lesa (State and prospects of using non-timber forest resources): Mater. international conference, Kostroma 10-11 September, 2013, Pushkino, 2014, 121-125 p.

Petrov A.P., Ekonomicheskie otnosheniya v lesnom hozyajstve: iz proshlogo v budushchee (Economic relations in forestry: from past to future), Pushkino, VIPKLH, 2016, 98 р.

Petrov A.P., Lesnye otnosheniya v Rossijskoj Federacii: korrupcionnye faktory i riski, puti ih ustraneniya (Forest relations in the Russian Federation: corruption factors and risks, ways to eliminate them), Pushkino: VIPKLH, 2010, 84 р.

Ustoichivoe razvitie lesnogo hozyaistva v interesah prodovolstvennoy bezopasnosti i pitania (Sustainable forestry for food security and nutrition) Report, Rome, FAO, 2017, 134 p.

Zhang D., Pearse P.H., Forest Economics, The University of British Columbia, 2012, 390 p.