{"id":3181,"date":"2020-06-27T11:20:03","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T08:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/?p=3181"},"modified":"2020-07-18T19:32:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-18T16:32:16","slug":"3-2-2020-geraskina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/3-2-2020-geraskina\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of earthworms of different morpho-ecological groups on carbon accumulation in forest soils"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3-2-2020-Geraskina.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1122 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/pdf.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>\u00a9 <\/strong><strong>2020 \u0433.<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>A.P. Geraskina<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><em>Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><em>Profsoyuznaya st. 84\/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><sup>*<\/sup>E-mail: <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"mailto:angersgma@gmail.com\">angersgma@gmail.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Received 25.05.2020<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Accepted 24.06.2020<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">To date, forest ecology has not made any clear conclusions regarding the impact of large invertebrate saprophages such as earthworms on soil carbon dynamics. Some authors state that earthworm activities result in decreased carbon accumulation. Other studies show that earthworms contribute to soil carbon accumulation. At the same time, many studies do not take into account the differences between trophic and digging activity of different morpho-ecological groups of earthworms in different soil horizons. The objective of this study was to carry out differentiated assessment of the impact of different morpho-ecological groups of earthworms on carbon accumulation and correspondent soil parameters (nitrogen content and \u0421\/N ratio) during the change in forest succession status. Field operations were performed in the spring and summer of 2016 and 2018 in three regions: Bryansk Oblast (Bryansk Polesie), Moscow Oblast (Moskva\u2013Oka plain, Valuyevsky urban forest) and Northwest Caucasus (Krasnodar Krai, Apsheron forestry; Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian biosphere reserve). In each region, three main stages of coniferous-broad-leaved forest restoration after clear cuttings were identified. Three test plots 50\u044550 m were allocated for each stage; geobotanical and soil descriptions as well as earthworm calculations were carried out on each plot. It was found out that during the change in forest succession status the species composition and the set of morpho-ecological groups of earthworms became more complicated, but there was no successive replacement of any groups with others. Negative correlation was found between the total biomass of earthworms feeding on the soil surface (epigeic, epi-endogeic and anecic species) and litter store. In the litter horizon, the biomass of epi-endogeic species was negatively correlated with the content of organic carbon and C\/N ratio, but positively correlated with the nitrogen content; in the humus horizon, it was positively correlated with the content of organic carbon and nitrogen and negatively correlated with the \u0421\/N ratio. Significant negative correlations were revealed between the biomass of endogeic earthworm species and C\/N ratio in the humus horizon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong><em>Key words:<\/em><\/strong><em> forest type, succession status, chronoseries, litter, nitrogen, C\/N ratio, invertebrates-saprophages, biomass<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Abaturov B.D., Pochvoobrazujushhaja rol&#8217; zhivotnyh v biosfere (Soil-forming role of animals in the biosphere), <em>Biosfera i pochvy<\/em>, Moscow: Nauka, 1976. pp. 53-69.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Alban D.H., Berry E.C., Effects of earthworm invasion on morphology, carbon, and nitrogen of a forest soil, <em>Appl. Soil Ecol<\/em>., 1994, Vol. 1, pp. 243-249.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Andriuzzi W.S., Schmidt O., Brussaard L., Faber J.H., Bolger T., Earthworm functional traits and interspecific interactions affect plant nitrogen acquisition and primary production, <em>Applied Soil Ecology,<\/em> 2016, Vol. 104, pp. 148-156.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Angst S., Mueller C.W., Cajthaml T., Angst G., Lhotakova Z., Bartuska M., Spaldonova A., Frouz J., Stabilization of soil organic matter by earthworms is connected with physical protection rather than with chemical changes of organic matter, <em>Geoderma<\/em>, 2017, Vol. 289, pp. 29-35.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Begon M., Harper J.L., Townsend C.R., <em>Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities<\/em>. Oxford: Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, 1986, 1068 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Berezina O.G., Struktura naselenija kollembol (Hexapoda, Collembola) reliktovogo lipovogo lesa (Gornaja Shorija, Kemerovskaja oblast&#8217;) (The spatial structure of springtails community (Hexapoda, Collembola) of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia), <em>Evraziatskij jentomologicheskij zhurnal,<\/em> 2016, Vol. 15, No 6, pp. 583-590.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Bitjuckij N.P., Solov&#8217;eva A.N., Lukina E.I., Olejnik A.S., Zavgorodnjaja Ju.A., Demin V.V., Byzov B.A., Jekskrety dozhdevyh chervej stimuljator mineralizacii soedinenij azota v pochve (Stimulating Effect of Earthworm Excreta on the Mineralization of Nitrogen Compounds in Soil), <em>Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 2007, No 4, pp. 468-473.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Bohlen P.J., Pelletier D.M., Groffman P.M., Fahey T.J., Fisk M.C., Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests, <em>Ecosystems<\/em>, 2004, Vol. 7, pp. 13-27.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Burtelow A.E., Bohlen P.J., Groffman P.M., Influence of exotic earthworm invasion on soil organic matter, microbial biomass and denitrification potential in forest soils of the northeastern United States, <em>Appl. Soil Ecol.<\/em>, 1998, Vol. 9, pp. 197-202.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Curry J.P., Factors affecting the abundance of earthworms in soils. In: Edwards C.A. (Ed.). <em>Earthworm Ecology<\/em>, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994, pp. 91-113.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Frouz J., Liveckova M., Albrechtoa J., Chronakova A., Cajthaml T., &#8230; &#038; Simackova H<em>.<\/em> Is the effect of trees on soil properties mediated by soil fauna? A case study from post-mining sites,\u00a0<em>Forest Ecology and Management<\/em>, 2013, Vol.\u00a0309, pp. 87-95.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Geras&#8217;kina A.P., Preobrazovanija kompleksa dozhdevyh chervej v hode poslerubochnyh sukcescij v lesah Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza (Transformations of earthworm communities during post-logging successions in the forests of the Northwest Caucasus), <em>Forest science issues<\/em>, 2018, No 1, pp. 1-14.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Gilyarov M.S., <em>Metody pochvenno-zoologicheskih issledovanij<\/em> (Methods of soil and zoological research), Moscow: Nauka, 1975, 304 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Gleixner G., Soil organic matter dynamics: a biological perspective derived from the use of compound-specific isotopes studies, <em>Ecological Research<\/em>, 2013, Vol. 28, No 5, pp. 683-695.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Goncharov A.A., <em>Struktura troficheskih nish v soobshhestvah pochvennyh bespozvonochnyh (mezofauna) lesnyh jekosistem<\/em> (The structure of trophic niches in the communities of soil invertebrates (mesofauna) of forest ecosystems. Candidate\u2019s biol. sci. thesis), Moscow: IPJeJe, 2014, 177 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Hirth J.R., Li G.D., Chan K.Y., Cullis B.R., Long-term effects of lime on earthworm abundance and biomass in an acidic soil on the south-western slopes of New South Wales, Australia, Applied Soil Ecology, 2009, Vol. 43, pp. 106-114.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Hoeffner K., Monard C., Santonja M., Cluzeau D., Feeding behaviour of epi-anecic earthworm species and their impacts on soil microbial communities, <em>Soil Biology and Biochemistry,<\/em> 2018, Vol. 125, pp. 1-9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Holdsworth A.R., Frelich L.E., Reich P.B., Leaf litter disappearance in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of tree species and the chemistry and diversity of litter, <em>Ecosystems,<\/em> 2012, Vol. 15, No 6, pp. 913-926.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Huang W., Gonzalez G., Zou X., Earthworm abundance and functional group diversity regulate plant litter decay and soil organic carbon level: A global meta-analysis, <em>Applied Soil Ecology<\/em>, 2020, Vol. 150, pp. 1-15.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><em>Klassifikacija i diagnostika pochv Rossii <\/em>(Classification and diagnostics of Russian soils), Shishov L.L., Tonkonogov V.D., Lebedeva I.I., Gerasimova M.I. (Compl.), Smolensk: Ojkumena, 2004, 342 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Kozlovskaja L.S., Archegova I.B., Rakova H.N., Biohimicheskoe vozdejstvie pochvennyh bespozvonochnyh na rastitel&#8217;nye ostatki (Biochemical effects of soil invertebrates on plant debris), <em>Bolotnye biogeocenozy i ih izmenenija v rezul&#8217;tate antropogennogo vozdejstvija<\/em>, Leningrad: Nauka, 1983, pp. 24-26.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Kozlovskaja L.S., <em>Rol&#8217; pochvennyh bespozvonochnyh v transformacii organicheskogo veshhestva bolotnyh pochv<\/em> (The role of soil invertebrates in the transformation of organic matter of bog soils), Leningrad, 1976, 211 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Kuznecova A.I., Lukina N.V., Tihonova E.V., Gornov A.V., Gornova M.V., Smirnov V.E., Geras&#8217;kina A.P., Shevchenko N.E., Teben&#8217;kova D.N., Chumachenko S.I., Akkumulyaciya ugleroda v peschanyh i suglinistyh pochvah ravninnyh hvojno-shirokolistvennyh lesov v hode poslerubochnyh vosstanovitel&#8217;nyh sukcessij (\u0421arbon stock in sandy and loamy soil of coniferous-deciduous forestsat the different stages of successions), <em>Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 2019, No 7, pp. 803-816.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Lavelle P., Martin A., Small-scale and large-scale effects of endogeic earthworms on soil organic matter dynamics in soils of the humid tropics, <em>Soil Biology and Biochemistry,<\/em> 1992, Vol. 24, No. 12, pp. 1491-1498.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Lavelle P., Pashanasi B., Charpentier F., Gilot C., Rossi J.-P., &#8230;&#038; Bernier N., Large- scale effects of earthworms on soil oranic matter and nutrient dynamics, Edwards C.A. (Ed.), <em>Earthworm ecology<\/em>, St. Lucie Press, 1998, pp.103-122.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Lee K.E., <em>Earthworms. Their ecology and relationships with soils and land use<\/em>, Academic Press, 1985, 411 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Lukina N.V., Tihonova E.V., Shevchenko N.E., Gornov A.V., Kuznecova A.I., \u2026\u00a0 &#038; Shanin V.N., <em>Akkumuljacija ugleroda v lesnyh pochvah i sukcessionnyj status lesov<\/em> (Carbon accumulation in forest soils and forest succession status), N.V. Lukin\u0430 (Ed.), Moscow: KMK, 2018, 232 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Makeschin F., Earthworms (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta): Important promoters of soil development and soil fertility, G. Benckiser (Ed.), <em>Fauna in soil ecosystems. Recycling processes, nutrient fluxes and agricultural production,<\/em> Florida: CRC Press, 1997, pp. 173-223.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">McDaniel J.P., Stromberger M.E., Barbarick K.A., Cranshaw W., Survival of <em>Aporrectodea caliginosa<\/em> and its effects on nutrient availability in biosolids amended soil, <em>Applied soil ecology,<\/em> 2013, Vol. 71, pp. 1-6.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Mengel K., Turnover of organic nitrogen in soils and its availability to crops, <em>Plant and Soil<\/em>, 1996, Vol. 181, pp. 83-96.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Metodicheskie ukazanija po kolichestvennomu opredeleniju obema pogloshhenija parnikovyh gazov (Guidelines for the quantification of greenhouse gas absorption), <em>Rasporjazhenie Minprirody Rossii<\/em> <em>30.06.2017<\/em>, No 20-r, 108 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Moore J.-D., Ouimet R., Bohlen P.J., Effects of liming on survival and reproduction of two potentially invasive earthworm species in nothern forest Podzol, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, Vol. 64, pp. 174-180.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><em>Nacional&#8217;nyj atlas pochv Rossijskoj Federacii<\/em> (National Atlas of Soils of the Russian Federation), Shoba S.A., Aljabina I.O., Urusevskaja I.S., Chernova O.V., Moskow: Astrel&#8217;, 2011, 632 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Novara A., R\u00fchl J., La Mantia, T., Gristina L., La Bella, S., Tuttolomondo T., Litter contribution to soil organic carbon in the processes of agriculture abandon, <em>Solid Earth,<\/em> 2015, Vol. 6, No 2, pp. 425-432.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Parmelee R.W., Crossley Jr., Earthworm production and role in the nitrogen cycle of a no-tillage agroecosystem on the Georgia piedmont, <em>Pedobiologia,<\/em> 1988, Vol. 32, pp. 353-361.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Perel&#8217; T.S<em>.<\/em>, <em>Rasprostranenie i zakonomernosti raspredelenija dozhdevyh chervej fauny SSSR<\/em> (Distribution and distribution patterns of earthworms of the fauna of the USSR), Moskow: Nauka, 1979, 272 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Pulleman M.M., Six J., Uyl A., Marinissen J.C.Y., Jongmans A.G., Earthworms and management affect organic matter incorporation and microaggregate formation in agricultural soils, <em>Appl. Soil Ecol.<\/em>, 2005, Vol. 29, pp. 1-15.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Sandor M., Schrader S., Earthworms affect mineralization of different organic amendments in a microcosm study, <em>Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture,<\/em> 2007, Vol. 63, pp. 442-447.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Sariyildiz T., Effects of tree canopy on litter decomposition rates of <em>Abies nordmanniana<\/em>, <em>Picea orientalis<\/em> and <em>Pinus sylvestris<\/em>, <em>Scandinavian journal of forest research<\/em>, 2008, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 330-338.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Sariyildiz T., K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck M., Litter mass loss rates in deciduous and coniferous trees in Artvin, northeast Turkey: Relationships with litter quality, microclimate, and soil characteristics, <em>Turkish journal of Agriculture and Forestry,<\/em> 2008, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 547-559.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Shevchenko N.E., Kuznecova A.I., Teben&#8217;kova D.N., Smirnov V.E., Geras&#8217;kina A.P., Gornov A.V., Tihonova E.V., Lukina N.V., Sukcessionnaya dinamika rastitel&#8217;nosti i zapasy pochvennogo ugleroda v hvojno-shirokolistvennyh lesah severo-zapadnogo Kavkaza (The succession dynamics of vegetation and carbon stocks in coniferous-deciduous forests of the north-western Caucasus), <em>Lesovedeni<\/em><em>\u0435<\/em>, 2019, No 3, pp. 163-176.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Striganova B.R., Issledovanie roli mokric i dozhdevyh chervej v processah gumifikacii razlagajushhejsja drevesiny (Investigation of the role of woodlice and earthworms in the processes of humification of decaying wood), <em>Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 1968, \u2116. 8, pp. 85-90.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Striganova B.R., Kozlovskaja L.S., Chernobrovkina N.P., Kudrjasheva I.V., Pishhevaja aktivnost&#8217; dozhdevyh chervej i soderzhanie aminokislot v temnoseroj lesnoj pochve (Alimentative activity of earthworms and content of aminoacids in the dark grey forest soil), <em>Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 1989, No 5, pp. 44-51.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Striganova B.R., <em>Pitanie pochvennyh saprofagov<\/em> (Nutrition of soil saprophages), Moskow: Nauka, 1980, 243 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Striganova B.R., Sukcessii zhivotnogo naselenija pochvy v processe pervichnogo pochvoobrazovanija (Successions of the animal population of the soil in the process of primary soil formation), <em>Rannjaja kolonizacija sushi<\/em>, Moskow: PIN RAN, 2012, pp. 177-195.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Suarez E.R., Fahey T.J., Yavitt J.B., Groffman P.M., Bohlen P.J., Patterns of litter disappearance in a northern hardwood forest invaded by exotic earthworms, <em>Ecological Applications,<\/em> 2006, Vol. 16, No 1, pp. 154-165.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Talashilkar S.C., Bhangarath P.P., Mehta V.B., Changes in chemical properties during composting of organic residues as influenced by earthworm activity, <em>Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science<\/em>, 1999, Vol. 47, pp. 50-53.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Vsevolodova-Perel&#8217; T.S., <em>Dozhdevye chervi fauny Rossii. Kadastr i opredelitel&#8217; <\/em>(Earthworms of Russia. Cadastr and key-book.), Moskow: Nauka, 1997, 101 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Vsevolodova-Perel&#8217; T.S., Gryuntal&#8217; S.Yu., Kudryasheva I.V., Nadtochij S.E., Golovach S.I., Matveeva A.A., Osipov V.V., Karpachevskij L.O., Rastvorova O.G., <em>Struktura i funkcionirovanie pochvennogo naseleniya dubrav Srednerusskoj lesostepi <\/em>(The structure and functioning of the soil population of the oak forests of the Central Russian forest-steppe). Moscow: Nauka, 1995, 152 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">World Reference Base for Soil Resources, <em>International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports<\/em>, IUSS Working Group. Rome: FAO, 2015, 203 \u0440.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Zhukov A.V., Dozhdevye chervi kak komponent biogeocenoza i ih rol&#8217; v zooindikacii (Earthworms as a component of biogeocenosis and their role in zooindication), <em>\u0490runtoznavstvo<\/em>, 2004, Vol. 5, No 1-2, pp. 44-57.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Zhukov A.V., Jekologicheskoe raznoobrazie zhivotnogo naselenija pochv pojmennyh biogeocenozov reki Samara (Ecological diversity of the animal population in the soils of floodplain biogeocenoses of the Samara River), <em>V\u0456snik Dn\u0456propetrovs&#8217;kogo un\u0456versitetu. B\u0456olog\u0456ja. Ekolog\u0456ja<\/em>, 2000, No 7. pp. 73-79.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\">Zhukovskaja E.A., Kodolova O.P., Pravduhina O.Ju., Varne A.Zh., Boloteckij N.M., Issledovanie geneticheskogo raznoobrazija dozhdevogo chervja Lumbricus rubellus Hoff. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) (Study of genetic diversity of earthworm <em>Lumbricus rubellus<\/em> Hoff. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae), <em>Izvestija Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Serija biologicheskaja<\/em>, 2005. No 5. pp. 625-627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 2020 \u0433.\u00a0 A.P. Geraskina Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya st. 84\/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia *E-mail: angersgma@gmail.com Received 25.05.2020 Accepted 24.06.2020 &nbsp; To date,&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3181"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3181"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3267,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3181\/revisions\/3267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}