{"id":8386,"date":"2026-07-31T12:37:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T09:37:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/?p=8386"},"modified":"2026-07-31T12:40:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T09:40:58","slug":"9-2-2026-ryabov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/9-2-2026-ryabov\/","title":{"rendered":"PHYTOMASS AND CARBON POOLS OF SPRUCE PHYTOCENOSIS IN RUSSIA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N. <\/strong><\/span>S. Ryabov<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems of the KSC RAS<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Akademgorodok, 14A, Apatity 184209, Russian Federation<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

E-mail: n.ryabov@ksc.ru<\/span><\/p>\n

Received 23.05.2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Revised: 18.06.2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Accepted: 22.06.2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Global climate change, directly linked to continuously rising concentrations of greenhouse gases, necessitates the refinement and updating of our understanding of the climate-regulating role of forest ecosystems. Phytomass \u2013 including standing trees, undergrowth and understory, and forest floor vegetation \u2013 plays an important role in the global carbon cycle through its capacity to absorb atmospheric carbon and provide long-term carbon storage. This article provides a review of available data on phytomass and phytomass carbon stocks in spruce forests of Russia and several European countries. Using the Murmansk region as a case study, we examine the key characteristics and critical factors influencing the spatial distribution and formation of phytomass carbon pools. We further articulate the rationale for comprehensive research on the productivity and carbon allocation within the main phytomass pools of spruce phytocenoses.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u041a<\/em><\/strong>eywords<\/em><\/strong>: <\/em>carbon stocks, biomass, forest phytocenoses, spruce forests, northern taiga, Murmansk region, Arctic<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

REFERENCES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Adoption of the Paris Agreement, Conference of the Parties, Twenty-first session<\/em>, Paris, FCCC\/CP\/2015\/L.9\/Rev.1, 2015, available at: https:\/\/clck.su\/SlIPA (2026, 18 May).<\/span><\/p>\n

Akhmetova G. V., Geokhimicheskie osobennosti pochv volnistoi ozerno-lednikovoi peschanoi ravniny srednetaezhnoi podzony Karelii (Geochemical features of soils in an undulating glaciolacustrine sandy plain in the middle taiga subzone of Karelia, Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin<\/em>, 2019, Issue 100, pp. 53\u201382, DOI: 10.19047\/0136-1694-2019-100-53-82<\/span><\/p>\n

Alekseev V. A., Berdsi R. A., Uglerod v ekosistemakh lesov i bolot Rossii<\/em> (Carbon in forest and swamp ecosystems of Russia), Krasnoyarsk: In-t lesa im. V. N. Sukacheva, 1994, 173 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alekseev V. A., Rak L. D., Priznaki oslableniya elei pod vliyaniem atmosfernogo zagryazneniya (Signs of spruce decline under the influence of atmospheric pollution), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 1985, No 5, pp. 37\u201343.<\/span><\/p>\n

AMAP,<\/em> Arctic Climate Change Update 2021: Key Trends and Impacts. Summary for Policy-Makers<\/em>, 2021, available at: https:\/\/www.amap.no\/documents\/download\/6730\/inline (2026, 18 May).<\/span><\/p>\n

Archegova I. B., Zabolotskaya T. G., Kononenko A. V., Rusanova G. V., Sloboda A. V., Yudintseva I. I., Produktivnost’ i krugovorot elementov v severnykh fitotsenozakh<\/em> (Productivity and element cycling in northern phytocenoses), Leningrad: Nauka, 1975, 130 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Artemieva I. N., Prostranstvennoe raspredelenie, fitomassa i godichnaya produktsiya nizhnikh yarusov rastitelnosti v severotaezhnykh sosnyakakh lishainikovykh KhMAO-Yugry<\/em> (Spatial distribution, phytomass and annual production of the lower vegetation layers in northern-taiga lichen pine forests of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug\u2013Yugra), Extended abstract of candidate\u2019s thesis in agricultural sciences, Ekaterinburg, 2022, 20 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bazilevich N. I., Biologicheskaya produktivnost’ ekosistem Severnoi Evrazii<\/em> (Biological productivity of ecosystems of Northern Eurasia), Moscow: Nauka, 1993, 293 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Biologicheskaya produktivnost‘<\/em> i komponenty balansa ugleroda v zabolochennykh korennykh elnikakh Severa (Biological productivity and components of the carbon balance in paludified primary spruce forests of the North), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 2007, No 6, pp. 45\u201354.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Biologicheskaya produktivnost’ khvoinykh lesov Evropeiskogo Severo-Vostoka<\/em> (Biological productivity of coniferous forests of the European North-East), Leningrad: Nauka, 1987, 165 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Elovye lesa (Spruce forests), In: Bioproduktsionnyi protsess v lesnykh ekosistemakh Severa<\/em> (Bioproductive process in northern forest ecosystems), Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 2001, pp. 52\u201368.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Kuznetsov M. A., Byudzhet ugleroda v ekosistemakh srednetaezhnykh korennykh elnikov (Carbon budget in ecosystems of middle-taiga primary spruce forests), Zhurnal obshchei biologii<\/em>, 2022, Vol. 83, No 6, pp. 434\u2013449, DOI: 10.31857\/S0044459622060033<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Kuznetsov M. A., Manov A. V., Galenko E. P., Tuzhilkina V. V., Fitomassa drevostoev elnikov chernichno-sfagnovykh na bolotno-podzolistykh pochvakh Evropeiskogo Severo-Vostoka (Stand phytomass of blueberry-sphagnum spruce forests on bog-podzolic soils of the European North-East), Izvestiya VUZov. Lesnoi zhurnal<\/em>, 2010, No 1, pp. 19\u201326.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Mashika A. V., Smagin A. V., Dinamika soderzhaniya ugleroda organicheskogo veshchestva v srednetaezhnykh elnikakh na avtomorfnykh pochvakh<\/em> (Dynamics of organic matter carbon content in middle-taiga spruce forests on automorphic soils), Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 2014, 270 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Nadutkin V. D., Produktivnost‘<\/em> drevesnoi rastitelnosti elovykh lesov srednei podzony taigi (Productivity of tree vegetation of spruce forests in the middle taiga subzone), In: Ekologiya elnikov Severa: Trudy Komi filiala AN SSSR <\/em>(Ecology of Northern Spruce Forests, Proceedings of the Komi Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences), Syktyvkar: Izd-vo Komi filiala AN SSSR, 1977, No 32, pp. 45\u201351.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Robakidze E. A., Torlopova N. V., Krugovorot elementov mineralnogo pitaniya v ekosisteme korennogo raznotravno-chernichnogo elnika srednei taigi (Cycling of mineral nutrition elements in the ecosystem of a primary herb-blueberry spruce forest of the middle taiga, Komi Republic), Sibirskii lesnoi zhurnal<\/em>, 2020, No 2, pp. 40\u201354, DOI: 10.15372\/SJFS20200205<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobkova K. S., Tuzhilkina V. V., Kuzin S. N., Carbon cycle in spruce ecosystems of the Northern taiga subzone, Russian Journal of Ecology<\/em>, 2006, Vol. 37, No 1, pp. 19\u201327, DOI: 10.1134\/S1067413606010048<\/span><\/p>\n

Bonan G. B., Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science<\/em>, 2008, Vol. 320, pp. 1444\u20131449, DOI: 10.1126\/science.1155121<\/span><\/p>\n

Chepurko N. L., Biologicheskaya produktivnost‘<\/em> i krugovorot khimicheskikh elementov v lesnykh i tundrovykh soobshchestvakh Khibinskikh gor (Biological productivity and cycling of chemical elements in forest and tundra communities of the Khibiny Mountains), In: Biologicheskaya produktivnost’ i krugovorot khimicheskikh elementov v rastitelnykh soobshchestvakh <\/em>(Biological productivity and cycle of chemical elements in plant communities), Leningrad: Nauka, 1971, pp. 213\u2013219.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chepurko N. L., Struktura i godovoi balans biomassy v lesakh Khibinskikh gor (Structure and annual biomass balance in forests of the Khibiny Mountains), In: Pochvy i produktivnost’ rastitelnykh soobshchestv <\/em>(Soils and productivity of plant communities), Issue 1, Moscow: Izd-vo MGU, 1972, pp. 94\u2013116.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chernenkova T. V., Bochkarev Yu. N., Dinamika elovykh nasazhdenii Kolskogo Severa v usloviyakh vozdeistviya prirodno-antropogennykh faktorov sredy (Dynamics of spruce stands of the Kola North under the influence of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors), Zhurnal obshchei biologii<\/em>, 2013, Vol. 74, No 4, pp. 283\u2013303.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chertovskoi V. G., Elizarov F. P., Semenova B. A., Kornyak V. S., Lesorastitelnye usloviya i produktivnost‘<\/em> predtundrovykh lesov (Forest-site conditions and productivity of pre-tundra forests), In: Ekologiya taezhnykh lesov <\/em>(Ecology of taiga forests), Arkhangelsk, 1978, pp. 32\u201341.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chibisov G. A., Biologicheskaya produktivnost‘<\/em> proizvodnykh elnikov, formiruemykh rubkami ukhoda (Biological productivity of derivative spruce forests formed by thinning), In: Povyshenie produktivnosti lesov Evropeiskogo Severa <\/em>(Increasing forest productivity in the European North), Arkhangelsk, 1992, pp. 34\u201342.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conforti M., Luc\u00e0 F., Scarciglia F., Matteucci G., Buttafuoco G., Soil carbon stock in relation to soil properties and landscape position in a forest ecosystem of southern Italy (Calabria region), Catena<\/em>, 2016, Vol. 144, pp. 23\u201333. DOI: 10.1016\/j.catena.2016.04.023<\/span><\/p>\n

Devos C. C., Ohlson M., N\u00e6sset E., Klanderud K., Bollands\u00e5s O. M., Tree biomass does not correlate with soil carbon stocks in forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway, Ecography<\/em>, 2023, e06893, DOI: 10.1111\/ecog.06893.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dial R. J., Maher C. T., Hewitt R. E., Sullivan P. F., Sufficient conditions for rapid range expansion of a boreal conifer, Nature<\/em>, 2022, Vol. 608, pp. 546\u2013551. DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-022-05093-2<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekologicheskii atlas Murmanskoi oblasti<\/em> (Ecological atlas of Murmansk Region), G. V. Kalabin (Ed.), Apatity, 1999, 48 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ershov V. V., Lukina N. V., Danilova M. A., Isaeva L. G., Sukhareva T. A., Smirnov V. E., Otsenka sostava dozhdevykh vypadenii v khvoinykh lesakh na severnom predele rasprostraneniya pri aerotekhnogennom zagryaznenii (Assessment of the composition of rainfall deposition in coniferous forests at the northern distribution limit under industrial air pollution), Ekologiya<\/em>, 2020, No 4, pp. 265\u2013274, DOI: 10.31857\/S0367059720040058<\/span><\/p>\n

Ershov V. V., Ryabov N. S., Sukhareva T. A., The link between stemflow chemistry and forest canopy condition under industrial air pollution, Forests<\/em>, 2026, Vol. 17, No 1, Article 147, DOI: 10.3390\/f17010147<\/span><\/p>\n

Ershov V., Sukhareva T., Ryabov N., Ivanova E., Shtabrovskaya I., Estimation of carbon and nitrogen contents in forest ecosystems in the background areas of the Russian Arctic (Murmansk Region), Forests<\/em>, 2024, Vol. 15, No 1, Article 29, DOI: 10.3390\/f15010029<\/span><\/p>\n

FAO,<\/em> Sostoyanie lesov mira 2022. Lesokhozyaistvennye strategii razvitiya kak instrument ekologicheski sbalansirovannogo vosstanovleniya i sozdaniya inklyuzivnoi, zhiznestoikoi i ustoichivoi ekonomiki<\/em> (The State of the World\u2019s Forests 2022. Forest pathways for green recovery and building inclusive, resilient and sustainable economies), Rome: FAO, 2022, DOI: 10.4060\/cb9360ru, available at: https:\/\/clck.su\/BYmkU (2026, 18 May).<\/span><\/p>\n

Feng M., Sexton J. O., Wang P., Montesano P. M., Calle L., \u2026 & Neigh C. S. R., Northward shift of boreal tree cover confirmed by satellite record, Biogeosciences<\/em>, 2026, Vol. 23, pp. 1089\u20131101, DOI: 10.5194\/bg-23-1089-2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Filipchuk A. N., Malysheva N. V., Zolina T. A., Seleznev A. A., Carbon stock in living biomass of Russian forests: new quantification based on data from the first cycle of the State Forest Inventory, Central European Forestry Journal<\/em>, 2023, No 69, pp. 248\u2013261, DOI: 10.2478\/forj-2023-0021.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fin\u00e9r L., Mannerkoski H., Piirainen S., Starr M., Carbon and nitrogen pools in an old-growth, Norway spruce mixed forest in eastern Finland and changes associated with clear-cutting, Forest Ecology and Management<\/em>, 2003, Vol. 174, pp. 51\u201363.<\/span><\/p>\n

Framstad E., de Wit H., M\u00e4kip\u00e4\u00e4 R., Larjavaara M., Vesterdal L., Karltun E., Biodiversity, carbon storage and dynamics of old northern forests<\/em>, Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers, 2013, 130 p., DOI: 10.6027\/TN2013-507<\/span><\/p>\n

Friedlingstein P., O\u2019Sullivan M., Jones M. W., Andrew M. R., Bakker D. C. E. \u2026<\/em> & Zheng B.<\/em>, Global Carbon Budget 2023, Earth System Science Data<\/em>, 2023, Vol. 15, pp. 5301\u20135369, DOI: 10.5194\/essd-15-5301-2023<\/span><\/p>\n

Friedlingstein P., O’Sullivan M., Jones M., Andrew R., Hauck J., Landsch\u00fctzer P. \u2026<\/em> & Zheng B.<\/em>, Global Carbon Budget 2024, Earth System Science Data<\/em>, 2025, Vol. 17, pp. 965\u20131039, DOI: 10.5194\/essd-17-965-2025<\/span><\/p>\n

Genikova N. V., Mamontov V. N., Kryshen A. M., Obilie lesnykh kustarnichkov i mikroklimaticheskie usloviya v ekotonnom komplekse elnik chernichnyi \u2013 vyrubka (Abundance of forest dwarf shrubs and microclimatic conditions in the blueberry spruce forest \u2013 clear-cut ecotone complex), Rastitelnye resursy<\/em>, 2021, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 99\u2013114, DOI: 10.31857\/S0033994621020059<\/span><\/p>\n

Ghasemian, S., Kastens, J., Billings, S. A., The Relative Sensitivity of Forest Productivity to Landscape Position vs. Microtopography, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts<\/em>, 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

Glazovskaya M. A., Geohimicheskie osnovy tipologii i metodiki issledovanij prirodnyh landshaftov<\/em> (Geochemical foundations of typology and methods of research of natural landscapes), Moscow, 1964, 230 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Grigoriev A. A., Devi N. M., Kukarskikh V. V., Vyukhin S. O., Galimova A. A., Moiseev P. A., Fomin V. V., Struktura i dinamika drevostoev verkhnei granitsy lesa v zapadnoi chasti plato Putorana (Structure and dynamics of stands at the upper forest limit in the western part of the Putorana Plateau), Ekologiya<\/em>, 2019, No 4, pp. 243\u2013254, DOI: 10.1134\/S0367059719040073<\/span><\/p>\n

Grozovskaya I. S., Otsenka biomassy ekologo-tsenoticheskikh gruppirovok vidov napochvennogo pokrova v borealnykh temnokhvoinykh lesakh<\/em> (Assessment of biomass of ecological-coenotic groups of ground-cover species in boreal dark-coniferous forests), Candidate\u2019s thesis in biological sciences, Vladimir, 2014, 169 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gryazkin A. V., Belyaeva N. V., Kazi I. A., Go L., Tun Ch., Zapasy ugleroda v sosnyakakh i elnikakh Leningradskoi oblasti (Carbon stocks in pine and spruce forests of Leningrad Region), The Scientific Heritage<\/em>, 2021, No 64, pp. 3\u20136, DOI: 10.24412\/9215-0365-2021-64-2-3-6<\/span><\/p>\n

Gundersen P., Thybring E. E., Nord-Larsen T., Vesterdal L., Nadelhoffer K. J., Johannsen V. K., Old-growth forest carbon sinks overestimated, Nature<\/em>, 2021, Vol. 591, pp. E21\u2013E23, DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-021-03266-z<\/span><\/p>\n

Ignatenko I. V., Norin B. N., Rakhmanina A. T., Krugovorot zolnykh elementov i azota v nekotorykh biogeotsenozakh vostochno-evropeiskoi lesotundry (Cycling of ash elements and nitrogen in some biogeocenoses of the East European forest-tundra), In: Pochvy i rastitelnost’ merzlotnykh raionov SSSR<\/em>, Magadan: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1973, pp. 335\u2013350.<\/span><\/p>\n

IPCC, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em>, R. K. Pachauri, L. A. Meyer (Eds.), Geneva: IPCC, 2014, 151 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

IPCC, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022, 3056 p., DOI: 10.1017\/9781009325844<\/span><\/p>\n

Isaev A. S., Korovin G. N., Deponirovanie ugleroda v lesakh Rossii (Carbon sequestration in Russian forests), In: Uglerod v biogeotsenozakh. Chteniya pamyati akad. V. N. Sukacheva <\/em>(Carbon in Biogeocenoses. Readings in Memory of Academician V. N. Sukachev), Issue XV, Moscow: VNIITslesresurs, 1997, pp. 59\u201398.<\/span><\/p>\n

Isaev A. S., Korovin G. N., Utkin A. I., Pryazhnikov A. A., Zamolodchikov D. G., Otsenka zapasov i godichnogo deponirovaniya ugleroda v fitomasse lesnykh ekosistem Rossii (Assessment of carbon stocks and annual sequestration in phytomass of Russian forest ecosystems), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 1993, No 5, pp. 3\u201310.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jansons \u0100., \u0136\u0113ni\u0146a L., Jaunslaviete I., Bi\u010dkovskis K., Trade-off between forest carbon sink in hemiboreal old-growth stands and wood-based solutions, European Journal of Forest Research<\/em>, 2025, Vol. 144, pp. 411\u2013420, DOI: 10.1007\/s10342-025-01766-5<\/span><\/p>\n

Kadulin M. S., Koptsik G. N., Izmeneniya potoka dioksida ugleroda iz pochv lesnykh ekosistem pod vozdeistviem tekhnogennogo zagryazneniya v Kolskoi Subarktike (Changes in carbon dioxide flux from soils of forest ecosystems under industrial pollution in the Kola Subarctic), Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 2021, No 10, pp. 1281\u20131292, DOI: 10.31857\/S0032180X21100075<\/span><\/p>\n

Karelin D. V., Zamolodchikov D. G., Shilkin A. V., Kumanyaev A. S., Popov S. Yu., Telnova N. O., Gitarskii M. L., Vliyanie progressiruyushchego raspada drevostoya na uglerodnyi obmen elovykh lesov (Effect of progressive stand decay on carbon exchange in spruce forests), Doklady Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Nauki o Zemle<\/em>, 2020, Vol. 493, No 1, pp. 89\u201393, DOI: 10.31857\/S2686739720070087.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kataev O. A., Mozolevskaya E. G., Ekologiya stvolovykh vreditelei<\/em> (Ecology of stem pests), Leningrad, 1981, 87 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kauppi P. E., Posch M., H\u00e4nninen P., Henttonen H. M., Ihalainen A., Lappalainen E., Starr M., Tamminen P., Carbon reservoirs in peatlands and forests in the boreal regions of Finland, Silva Fennica<\/em>, 1997, Vol. 31, No 1, pp. 13\u201325.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kazimirov N. I., El\u00b4<\/sup><\/em> (Spruce), Moscow: Lesnaya promyshlennost, 1983, 80 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kazimirov N. I., Morozova R. M., Biologicheskii krugovorot veshchestv v elnikakh Karelii<\/em> (Biological cycling in spruce forests of Karelia), Leningrad: Nauka, 1973, 175 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0136\u0113ni\u0146a L., Elferts D., B\u0101ders E., Jansons \u0100., Carbon Pools in a Hemiboreal Over-Mature Norway Spruce Stands, Forests<\/em>, 2018, Vol. 9, No 7, p. 435, DOI: 10.3390\/f9070435<\/span><\/p>\n

Kiotskii protokol k Ramochnoi konventsii Organizatsii Obedinennykh Natsii ob izmenenii klimata (Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), 1997, available at: https:\/\/base.garant.ru\/12131392\/ (2024, 30 March).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kleja D. B., Svensson M., Majdi H., Jansson P.-E., Langvall O., Bergkvist B., Johansson M.-B., Weslien P., Truus L., Lindroth A., \u00c5gren G. I., Pools and fluxes of carbon in three Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic gradient in Sweden, Biogeochemistry<\/em>, 2008, Vol. 89, pp. 7\u201325, DOI: 10.1007\/s10533-007-9136-9<\/span><\/p>\n

Korennye elovye lesa Severa: bioraznoobrazie, struktura, funktsii (Primary spruce forests of the North: biodiversity, structure, functions), Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 2006, 337 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korneikova M. V., Vasenev V. I., Saltan N. V., Slukovskaya M. V., Soshina A. S., \u2026 & Dolgikh A. V., Analiz emissii CO2<\/sub> gorodskimi pochvami v usloviyakh Krainego Severa (Analysis of CO2<\/sub> emission from urban soils of the Kola peninsula (European Arctic)), Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 2023, No 11, pp. 1385\u20131399, DOI: 10.31857\/S0032180X23600373<\/span><\/p>\n

Kornyak V. S., Biologicheskaya produktivnost‘<\/em> eli i berezy pri sovmestnom proizrastanii (Biological productivity of spruce and birch in mixed growth), In: Voprosy lesovosstanovleniya na Evropeiskom Severe <\/em>(Issues of reforestation in the European North), Arkhangelsk, 1976, pp. 31\u201341.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kristensen T., N\u00e6sset E., Ohlson M., Bolstad P. V., Kolka R., Mapping Above- and Below-Ground Carbon Pools in Boreal Forests: The Case for Airborne Lidar, PLoS ONE<\/em>, 2015, Vol. 10, No 10, DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0138450<\/span><\/p>\n

Kullman L., \u00d6berg L., Post-Little Ice Age tree line rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: a landscape ecological perspective, Journal of Ecology<\/em>, 2009, Vol. 97, No 3, pp. 415\u2013429, DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2009.01488.x<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurganova I. N., Karelin D. V., Kotlyakov V. M., Prokushkin A. S., Zamolodchikov D. G. \u2026 & Shmakova N. Yu.<\/em>, A Pilot National Network for Monitoring Soil Respiration in Russia: First Results and Prospects of Development, Doklady Earth Sciences<\/em>, 2024, pp. 1\u20138, DOI: 10.1134\/S1028334X24603377<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuznetsov M. A., Dinamika soderzhaniya organicheskogo ugleroda v zabolochennykh elnikakh srednei taigi<\/em> (Dynamics of organic carbon content in paludified spruce forests of the middle taiga), Candidate\u2019s thesis in biological sciences, Syktyvkar, 2010, 141 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 C., Barbero L., Hauck J., Andrew R. M., Canadell J. G., Sitch S., Korsbakken J. I., Global Carbon Budget 2018, Earth System Science Data Discussions<\/em>, 2018, Vol. 10, No 4, pp. 2141\u20132194, DOI: 10.5194\/essd-2018-120<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 C., Jackson R., Jones M., Smith A., Abernethy S., \u2026 &Peters G., Temporary reduction in daily global CO2<\/sub> emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement (Version 1.3), Global Carbon Project<\/em>, 2020, DOI: 10.18160\/RQDW-BTJU<\/span><\/p>\n

Leonov D. S., Ob ekspeditsionnykh obsledovaniyakh FGU \u201cRossiiskii tsentr zashchity lesa\u201d na territorii Arkhangelskoi oblasti (On expedition surveys of the Russian Forest Protection Centre in Arkhangelsk Region), In: Usykhayushchie elniki Arkhangelskoi oblasti, problemy i puti ikh resheniya <\/em>(The drying spruce forests of the Arkhangelsk region: problems and solutions), Arkhangelsk, 2007, pp. 53\u201355.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lesnoi plan Murmanskoi oblasti. V 2-kh tomakh<\/em> (Forest plan of Murmansk Region. In 2 volumes), Murmansk, 2019, Vol. I. 75 p., Vol. II. 106 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N. V., Geraskina A. P., Kuznetsova A. I., Smirnov V. E., Gornov A. V., \u2026 & Basova E. V., Funktsionalnaya klassifikatsiya lesov: aktualnost‘<\/em> i podkhody k razrabotke (Functional classification of forests: relevance and approaches to development), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 2021, No 6, pp. 566\u2013580, DOI: 10.31857\/S0024114821060085.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N. V., Nikonov V. V., Biogeokhimicheskie tsikly v lesakh Severa v usloviyakh aerotekhnogennogo zagryazneniya. Ch. 1<\/em> (Biogeochemical cycles in northern forests under industrial air pollution. Part 1), Apatity: Izd-vo Kolskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN, 1996, 213 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N. V., Nikonov V. V., Izmenenie pervichnoi produktivnosti elnikov pod vliyaniem tekhnogennogo zagryazneniya na Kolskom poluostrove (Changes in primary productivity of spruce forests under industrial pollution on the Kola Peninsula), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 1991, No 4, pp. 37\u201345.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N. V., Nikonov V. V., Sostoyanie elovykh biogeotsenozov Severa v usloviyakh tekhnogennogo zagryazneniya<\/em> (State of northern spruce biogeocenoses under industrial pollution), Apatity, 1993, 134 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N. V., Smirnov V. E., Tebenkova D. N., Danilova M. A., Tikhonova E. V., \u2026 & Ruchinskaya E. V., Rol’ starovozrastnykh lesov v akkumulyatsii i khranenii ugleroda (Role of old-growth forests in carbon accumulation and storage), Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya<\/em>, 2023, Vol. 87, No 4, pp. 536\u2013557, DOI: 10.31857\/S2587556623040064<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N. V., Tikhonova E. V., Shevchenko N. E., Gornov A. V., Kuznetsova A. I., \u2026 & Shanin V. N., Akkumulyatsiya ugleroda v lesnykh pochvakh i suktsessionnyi status lesov<\/em> (Carbon accumulation in forest soils and successional status of forests), N. V. Lukina (Ed.), Moscow: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdanii KMK, 2018, 232 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lukina N., Kuznetsova A., Tikhonova E., Smirnov V., Danilova M., \u2026 & Knyazeva S., Linking Forest Vegetation and Soil Carbon Stock in Northwestern Russia, Forests<\/em>, 2020, Vol. 11, No 9, p. 979, DOI: 10.3390\/f11090979<\/span><\/p>\n

Luyssaert S., Schulze E. D., B\u00f6rner A., Knohl A., Hessenm\u00f6ller D., Law B. E., Ciais P., Grace J., Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks, Nature<\/em>, 2008, Vol. 455, pp. 213\u2013215, DOI: 10.1038\/nature07276<\/span><\/p>\n

Manakov K. N., Nikonov V. V., Biologicheskii krugovorot mineralnykh elementov i pochvoobrazovanie v elnikakh Krainego Severa<\/em> (Biological cycling of mineral elements and soil formation in spruce forests of the Far North), Leningrad: Nauka, 1981, 196 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manakov K. N., Nikonov V. V., Osnovnye pokazateli biologicheskogo krugovorota v elovykh lesakh Kolskogo poluostrova (Main indicators of biological cycling in spruce forests of the Kola Peninsula), Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 1979a, No 8, pp. 60\u201369.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manakov K. N., Nikonov V. V., Pervichnaya biologicheskaya produktivnost‘<\/em> elnikov Kolskogo poluostrova (Primary biological productivity of spruce forests of the Kola Peninsula), Botanicheskii zhurnal<\/em>, 1979b, Vol. 64, No 2, pp. 232\u2013241.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marchenko A. I., Karlov E. M., Mineralnyi obmen v elovykh lesakh severnoi taigi i lesotundry Arkhangelskoi oblasti (Mineral exchange in spruce forests of the northern taiga and forest-tundra of Arkhangelsk Region), Pochvovedenie<\/em>, 1962, No 7, pp. 52\u201366.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maslov A. D., Usykhanie elovykh lesov ot zasukh na evropeiskoi territorii SSSR (Drying of spruce forests due to droughts in the European territory of the USSR), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 1972, No 6, pp. 77\u201387.<\/span><\/p>\n

Melekhov I. S., Osobennosti lesov Kolskogo poluostrova i puti ikh izucheniya (Specific features of forests of the Kola Peninsula and approaches to their study), In: Lesa Kolskogo poluostrova i ikh vozobnovlenie <\/em>(Forests of the Kola Peninsula and their restoration), Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961, pp. 5\u201318.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meril\u00e4 P., Lindroos A. J., Helmisaari H.-S., Hilli S., Nieminen T. M., N\u00f6jd P., Rautio P., Salemaa M., \u0164upek B., Ukonmaanaho L., Carbon Stocks and Transfers in Coniferous Boreal Forests Along a Latitudinal Gradient, Ecosystems<\/em>, 2024, Vol. 27, pp. 151\u2013167, DOI: 10.1007\/s10021-023-00879-5<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo L., Zohner C. M., Reich P. B., Liang J., de Miguel S. \u2026 & Ortiz-Malavasi E.<\/em>, Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential, Nature<\/em>, 2023, Vol. 624, No. 7990, pp. 92\u2013101, DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-023-06723-z<\/span><\/p>\n

Moiseev P. A., Galimova A. A., Bubnov M. O., Devi N. M., Fomin V. V., Dinamika drevostoev i ikh produktivnosti na verkhnem predele proizrastaniya v Khibinakh na fone sovremennykh izmenenii klimata (Dynamics of stands and their productivity at the upper growth limit in the Khibiny Mountains under current climate change), Ekologiya<\/em>, 2019, No 5, pp. 341\u2013355, DOI: 10.1134\/S0367059719050081<\/span><\/p>\n

Molchanov A. A., Polyakova A. F., Kharakteristika osnovnykh tipov lesa (Characteristics of the main forest types), In: Osnovnye tipy biogeotsenozov severnoi taiga <\/em>(The main types of biogeocenoses of the northern taiga), Moscow: Nauka, 1977, pp. 44\u2013203.<\/span><\/p>\n

Natsionalnyi doklad o kadastre antropogennykh vybrosov parnikovykh gazov iz istochnikov i ikh absorbtsii poglotitelyami za 1990\u20132023 gg. Ch. 1<\/em> (National inventory report on anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks for 1990\u20132023. Part 1), Moscow, 2025, 422 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevolin O. A., Gritsynin A. N., Istoriya Bereznikovskogo leskhoza<\/em> (History of the Bereznikovsky forestry enterprise), Arkhangelsk, 2002, 464 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikonov V. V., Lukina N. V., Smirnova E. V., Isaeva L. G., Vliyanie Picea obovata<\/em> i Pinus sylvestris<\/em> na pervichnuyu produktivnost‘<\/em> nizhnikh yarusov khvoinykh lesov Kolskogo poluostrova (Effect of Picea obovata<\/em> and Pinus sylvestris<\/em> on primary productivity of lower layers of coniferous forests of the Kola Peninsula), Botanicheskii zhurnal<\/em>, 2002, Vol. 87, No 8, pp. 107\u2013119.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikonov V. V., Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty izucheniya biologicheskoi produktivnosti i mineralnogo obmena v lesnykh ekosistemakh Kolskogo Severa (Theoretical and applied aspects of studying biological productivity and mineral exchange in forest ecosystems of the Kola North), In: Pochvenno-agrokhimicheskie issledovaniya v botanicheskikh sadakh SSSR <\/em>(Soil and agrochemical research in botanical gardens of the USSR), Apatity: Izd-vo Kolskogo filiala AN SSSR, 1984, pp. 37\u201346.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikonov V. V., Tsvetkov V. F., Marchukov Yu. P., Osnovy organizatsii i vedeniya khozyaistva v elovykh lesakh Murmanskoi oblasti (prakticheskie rekomendatsii)<\/em> (Principles of organization and management in spruce forests of Murmansk Region: practical recommendations), Apatity: Kolskii filial AN SSSR, 1981, 44 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nippert J. B., Ocheltree T. W., Skibbe A. M., Kangas L. C., Ham J. M., Arnold K. B., Brunsell N. A., Linking plant growth responses across topographic gradients in tallgrass prairie, Oecologia,<\/em> 2011, Vol. 166(4), 1131\u20131142, DOI: 10.1007\/s00442-011-1948-6<\/span><\/p>\n

NOAA Arctic Report Card: Twenty years of tracking rapid Arctic warming and change, M. L. Druckenmiller, R. L. Thoman, T. A. Moon (Eds.), 2025, DOI: 10.25923\/nrzf-j897<\/span><\/p>\n

Nunes L. J. R., Meireles C. I. R., Pinto G. C. J., Almeida R. N. M. C., Forest Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation: Management Oriented to Carbon Capture and Storage, Climate<\/em>, 2020, Vol. 8, No 21, DOI: 10.3390\/cli8020021<\/span><\/p>\n

Odum Yu. P., Ekologiya: v 2 tomakh. Tom 2<\/em> (Ecology: in 2 volumes. Vol. 2), translated from English by Yu. M. Frolov, V. E. Sokolov (Ed.), Moscow: Mir, 1986, 376 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Orlova M. A., Formirovanie plodorodiya pochv \u2013 ekosistemnaya funktsiya lesov (Formation of soil fertility as an ecosystem function of forests), In: Raznoobrazie i dinamika lesnykh ekosistem Rossii <\/em>(Diversity and dynamics of forest ecosystems in Russia), A. S. Isaev (Ed.), Moscow: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdanii KMK, 2013, pp. 235\u2013258.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osipov A. F., Kutyavin I. N., Manov A. V., Kuznetsov M. A., Bobkova K. S., Zapasy i struktura fitomassy drevostoev severotaezhnykh sosnyakov Respubliki Komi (Stocks and structure of stand phytomass in northern-taiga pine forests of the Komi Republic), Izvestiya VUZov. Lesnoi zhurnal<\/em>, 2022, No 4, pp. 25\u201338.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osipov A. F., Tuzhilkina V. V., Dymov A. A., Bobkova K. S., Zapasy fitomassy i organicheskogo ugleroda srednetaezhnykh elnikov pri vosstanovlenii posle sploshnolesosechnoi rubki (Stocks of phytomass and organic carbon in middle-taiga spruce forests during recovery after clear-cutting), Izvestiya RAN. Seriya biologicheskaya<\/em>, 2019, No 2, pp. 215\u2013224, DOI: 10.1134\/S0002332919020103<\/span><\/p>\n

Pan Y., Birdsey R. A., Phillips O. L., Houghton R., Fang J., \u2026 & Murdiyarso D., The enduring world Forest carbon sink, Nature<\/em>, 2024, Vol. 631, pp. 536\u2013569, DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-024-07602-x<\/span><\/p>\n

Pappas C., Maillet J., Rakowski S., Baltzer J. L., Barr A. G., \u2026 & Zha T., Aboveground tree growth is a minor and decoupled fraction of boreal forest carbon input, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology<\/em>, 2020, Vol. 290, P. 108030, DOI: 10.1016\/j.agrformet.2020.108030<\/span><\/p>\n

Parshevnikov A. L., Chertovskoi V. G., Tipy elovykh lesov i pochvy Terskogo leskhoza (Types of spruce forests and soils of the Tersky forestry enterprise), In: Lesa Kolskogo poluostrova i ikh vozobnovlenie <\/em>(Forests of the Kola Peninsula and their restoration), Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961, pp. 40\u201362.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pekkoev A. N., Moshnikov S. A., Romashkin I. V., Teslya D. V., Zapasy ugleroda v fitomasse drevesnykh rastenii i krupnykh drevesnykh ostatkakh v starovozrastnykh sosnyakakh chernichnykh zapovednika \u201cKivach\u201d (Carbon stocks in woody plant phytomass and coarse woody debris in old-growth blueberry pine forests of the Kivach Reserve), Voprosy lesnoi nauki<\/em>, 2024, Vol. 7, No 4, Article 156, DOI: 10.31509\/2658-607x-202474-156<\/span><\/p>\n

Perry D. A., Oetter. D. R., Thirty years of forest productivity in a mountainous landscape: the yin and yang of topography, Ecosphere<\/em>, 2024, Vol. 15 (7), P. e4865, DOI: 10.1002\/ecs2.4865<\/span><\/p>\n

Polynov B. B., Izbrannye trudy<\/em> (Selected Works), Moscow, 1956, 751 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Puly i potoki ugleroda v nazemnykh ekosistemakh Rossii<\/em> (Carbon pools and fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Russia), G. A. Zavarzin (Ed.), Moscow: Nauka, 2007, 315 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ramochnaya konventsiya Organizatsii Obedinennykh Natsii ob izmenenii klimata <\/em>(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), available at: https:\/\/base.garant.ru\/2133066\/ (2026, 17 May).<\/span><\/p>\n

Rantanen M., Karpechko A. Y., Lipponen A., Nordling K., Hyv\u00e4rinen O., Ruosteenoja K., Vihma T., Laaksonen A., The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth & Environment<\/em>, 2022, Vol. 3, Article ID: 168, DOI: 10.1038\/s43247-022-00498-3<\/span><\/p>\n

Roslesinforg, \u201cRoslesinforg ko Dnyu Arktiki pereschital lesa v Arkticheskoi zone Rossii<\/em>\u201d (Roslesinforg recalculated forests in the Russian Arctic zone for Arctic Day), 28.02.2023, available at: https:\/\/clck.su\/fBdEy (2026, 18 May).<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusin L. P., Saveleva L. I., Elovye lesa Rossii<\/em> (Spruce forests of Russia), Moscow: Nauka, 2002, 335 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ryabov N. S., Isaeva L. G., Sravnenie otsenki fitomassy drevostoya s primeneniem modelei na primere elovykh fitotsenozov Murmanskoi oblasti (Comparison of model-based forest stand biomass estimation: the case of spruce phytocoenoses in the Murmansk region), Voprosy lesnoi nauki<\/em>, 2026, Vol. 9, No 1, Article 187, pp. 1\u201332, DOI: 10.31509\/2658-607x-202691-187<\/span><\/p>\n

Schepaschenko D., Moltchanova E., Fedorov S., Karminov V., Ontikov P., \u2026 & Kraxner F., Russian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported, Scientific Reports<\/em>, 2021, Vol. 11, P. 12825, DOI: 10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/span><\/p>\n

Screen J. A., Audette A., Blackport R., Deser C., England M., \u2026 & Yu H., Causes and consequences of Arctic amplification elucidated by coordinated multimodel experiments, Communications Earth & Environment<\/em>, 2026, Vol. 7, No 1, P. 23, DOI: 10.1038\/s43247-025-03052-z<\/span><\/p>\n

Sergeeva O. V., Mukhortova L. V., Krivobokov L. V., Raspredelenie zapasov podstilki i biomassy zhivogo napochvennogo pokrova v severnoi taige Tsentralnoi Evenkii v zavisimosti ot relefa (Distribution of litter stocks and living ground-cover biomass in the northern taiga of Central Evenkia depending on relief), Sibirskii lesnoi zhurnal<\/em>, 2020, No 1, pp. 36\u201346, DOI: 10.15372\/SJFS20200104.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shcherbakov N. M., Zaitseva N. L., Biometricheskaya kharakteristika spelykh elnikov yuga Karelii (Biometric characteristics of mature spruce forests in southern Karelia), In: Lesnye rastitelnye resursy yuzhnoi Karelii <\/em>(Forest plant resources of southern Karelia), Petrozavodsk, 1971, pp. 22\u201340.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shevchenko N. E., Braslavskaya T. Yu., Doroshina G. Ya., Vosstanovlenie khvoino-shirokolistvennykh lesov Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza posle rubok v raznykh pozitsiyakh mezorelefa (Recovery of coniferous\u2013broad-leaved forests of the Northwestern Caucasus after logging in different mesorelief positions), Rastitelnost’ Rossii<\/em>, 2025, No 52, pp. 119\u2013154, DOI: 10.31111\/vegrus\/2025.52.119<\/span><\/p>\n

Shmakova N. Yu., Ermolaeva O. V., Kopeina E. I., Litvinova T. I., Poloshevets T. V., Davydov D. A., Phytomass and organic carbon stocks in the mountain tundra communities of the Khibiny Mountains, Murmansk Region, Russia, Czech Polar Reports<\/em>, 2026, Vol. 15, No 2, pp. 258\u2013284, DOI: 10.5817\/CPR2025-2-16<\/span><\/p>\n

Shvidenko A. Z., Shchepashchenko D. G., Uglerodnyi byudzhet lesov Rossii (Carbon budget of Russian forests), Sibirskii lesnoi zhurnal<\/em>, 2014, No 1, pp. 69\u201392.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shvidenko A., Ciais P., Patra P. K., Bastos A., Maksyutov S., \u2026 & Schepaschenko D., A System Reanalysis of the Current Greenhouse Gases Budget of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Russia, Global Biogeochemical Cycles<\/em>, 2025, Vol. 39, No 10, P. e2025GB008540. DOI:\u00a010.1029\/2025GB008540<\/span><\/p>\n

Smith D. C. L., Eissenstat D., Kaye M., Variability in aboveground carbon driven by slope aspect and curvature in an eastern deciduous forest, USA, Canadian Journal of Forest Research<\/em>, 2016, Vol. 47, pp. 149\u2013158. DOI: 10.1139\/cjfr-2016-0147<\/span><\/p>\n

Sokhranenie tsennykh prirodnykh territorii Severo-Zapada Rossii. Analiz reprezentativnosti seti OOPT Arkhangelskoi, Vologodskoi, Leningradskoi i Murmanskoi oblastei, Respubliki Kareliya, Sankt-Peterburga<\/em> (Conservation of valuable natural areas of Northwestern Russia. Analysis of representativeness of the protected-area network of Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad and Murmansk Regions, the Republic of Karelia, and Saint Petersburg), K. N. Kobyakov (Ed.), Saint Petersburg, 2011, 506 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stolbovoi V. S., Nilson S., Shvidenko A. Z., McCallum I., Opyt agregirovannoi otsenki osnovnykh pokazatelei bioproduktsionnogo protsessa i uglerodnogo balansa nazemnykh ekosistem Rossii. Chast 3. Biogeokhimicheskie potoki ugleroda (An aggregated assessment of key indicators of the bioproductive process and carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems of Russia. Part 3. Biogeochemical carbon fluxes), Ekologiya<\/em>, 2004, No 3, pp. 179\u2013184.<\/span><\/p>\n

Storozhenko V.G., Glukhova T.V., Structural features of pine catena stands: from forest to oligotrophic bog, Forest Science<\/em>, 2023, No 6, pp. 577\u2013586. DOI: 10.31857\/S0024114823060098<\/span><\/p>\n

Strakhov V. V., Pisarenko A. I., Borisov V. A., Globalizatsiya lesnogo khozyaistva<\/em> (Globalization of forestry), Moscow: VNIITslesresurs, 2001, 400 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Strand E. K., Vierling L. A., Smith A. M. S., Bunting S. C., Net changes in aboveground woody carbon stock in western juniper woodlands, 1946\u20131998, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2008, Vol. 113, G01013. DOI:10.1029\/2007JG000544<\/span><\/p>\n

Sukhareva T. A., Ivanova E. A., Ershov V. V., Zenkova I. V., Korneikova M. A., Shtabrovskaya I. M., Soshina A. S., Soderzhanie i zapasy ugleroda i azota v nazemnykh ekosistemakh Murmanskoi oblasti (Content and stocks of carbon and nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems of Murmansk Region), Voprosy lesnoi nauki<\/em>, 2023, Vol. 6, No 2, pp. 1\u201375, DOI: 10.31509\/265-607x-202362-125<\/span><\/p>\n

Tang J., Miller P. A., Persson A., Olefeldt D., Pilesj\u00f6 P., \u2026 & Christensen T. R., Carbon budget estimation of a subarctic catchment using a dynamic ecosystem model at high spatial resolution, Biogeosciences<\/em>, 2015, Vol. 12, pp. 2791\u20132808, DOI: 10.5194\/bg-12-2791-2015<\/span><\/p>\n

Thurner M., Beer C., Santoro M., Carvalhais N., Wutzler T., \u2026 & Schmullius C., Carbon stock and density of boreal and temperate forests, Global Ecology and Biogeography<\/em>, 2014, Vol. 23, pp. 297\u2013310, DOI: 10.1111\/geb.12125<\/span><\/p>\n

Tishkov A. A., Belonovskaya E. A., Glazov P. M., Krenke A. N., Puzachenko A. Yu., Tertitskii G. M., Titova S. V., Tundra i les rossiiskoi Arktiki: vektor vzaimodeistviya v usloviyakh sovremennogo potepleniya klimata (Tundra and forest of the Russian Arctic: vector of interaction under modern climate warming), Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika<\/em>, 2020, No 3(39), pp. 48\u201361, DOI: 10.25283\/2223-4594-2020-3-48-61<\/span><\/p>\n

Tishkov A. A., Krenke A. N., Titova S. V., Belonovskaya E. A., Tsarevskaya N. G., Izmeneniya nadzemnoi fitomassy ekosistem Severnoi Evrazii v XXI veke (Changes in aboveground phytomass of Northern Eurasian ecosystems in the 21st century), Doklady Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Nauki o Zemle<\/em>, 2021, Vol. 497, No 2, pp. 193\u2013198, DOI: 10.31857\/S2686739721040162<\/span><\/p>\n

Tretii otsenochnyi doklad ob izmeneniyakh klimata i ikh posledstviyakh na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii<\/em> (Third assessment report on climate change and its consequences in the Russian Federation), Roshydromet, Saint Petersburg: Naukoemkie tekhnologii, 2022, 676 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tsvetkov V. F., Semenov B. A., Sosnyaki Krainego Severa<\/em> (Pine forests of the Far North), Moscow, 1985, 116 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tsvetkov V. F., Sosnyaki Kolskoi lesorastitelnoi oblasti i vedenie khozyaistva v nikh<\/em> (Pine forests of the Kola forest-growing region and their management), Arkhangelsk, 2002, 380 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tsvetkov V. F., Tsvetkov I. V., K probleme usykhaniya elovykh lesov v Arkhangelskoi oblasti (On the problem of spruce forest decline in Arkhangelsk Region), In: Usykhayushchie elniki Arkhangelskoi oblasti, problemy i puti ikh resheniya <\/em>(The drying spruce forests of the Arkhangelsk region: problems and solutions), Arkhangelsk, 2007, pp. 20\u201330.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushakova G. I., Shmakova N. Yu., Koroleva N. E., Vliyanie vidovogo sostava i struktury fitomassy rastitelnykh soobshchestv na nakoplenie ugleroda v gornykh i predgornykh biogeotsenozakh Khibin (Murmansk Region) (Influence of species composition and phytomass structure of plant communities on carbon accumulation in mountain and foothill biogeocenoses of the Khibiny Mountains, Murmansk Region), Byulleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody. Otdel biologicheskii<\/em>, 2004, Vol. 109, No 2, pp. 57\u201365.<\/span><\/p>\n

Usoltsev V. A., Fitomassa lesov Severnoi Evrazii: Baza dannykh i geografiya<\/em> (Forest phytomass of Northern Eurasia: database and geography), S. G. Shiyatov (Ed.), Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2001, 708 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Usoltsev V. A., Fitomassa i pervichnaya produktivnost’ lesov Evrazii<\/em> (Phytomass and primary productivity of Eurasian forests), Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2010, 569 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Usol’cev V. A., Biologicheskaya produktivnost’ lesoobrazuyushchih porod v klimaticheskih gradientah Evrazii (k menedzhmentu biosfernyh funkcij lesov) (Biological productivity of forest-forming species in the climatic gradients of Eurasia (towards the management of biosphere functions of forests)), Ekaterinburg, 2016, 384 \u0440.<\/span><\/p>\n

Utkin A. I., Uglerodnyi tsikl i lesovodstvo (Carbon cycle and silviculture), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 1995, No 5, pp. 3\u201320.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vakurov A. D., Polyakova A. F., Krugovorot azota i mineralnykh elementov v nizkoproduktivnykh elnikakh severnoi taigi (Cycling of nitrogen and mineral elements in low-productive spruce forests of the northern taiga), In: Krugovorot khimicheskikh veshchestv v lesu <\/em>(Chemical cycling in the forest), Moscow: Nauka, 1982, pp. 20\u201333.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vedernikov K. E., Vliyanie abioticheskikh i bioticheskikh faktorov na elovye fitotsenozy i nauchnoe obosnovanie podkhodov k upravleniyu ikh ustoichivostyu<\/em> (Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on spruce phytocenoses and scientific substantiation of approaches to managing their stability), Doctor\u2019s thesis in biological sciences, Izhevsk, 2026, 368 p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vosmoe natsionalnoe soobshchenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii, predstavlennoe v sootvetstvii so statyami 4 i 12 Ramochnoi Konventsii Organizatsii Obedinennykh Natsii ob izmenenii klimata i statei 7 Kiotskogo protokola<\/em> (Eighth National Communication of the Russian Federation submitted under Articles 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol), Moscow, 2022, available at: https:\/\/clck.su\/KfnIn (2026, 18 May).<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaboeva I. V., Rusanova G. V., Sloboda A. V., Bioproduktivnost‘<\/em> elnikov-zelenomoshnikov srednei i severnoi taigi Komi ASSR (Bioproductivity of green-moss spruce forests of the middle and northern taiga of the Komi ASSR), Rastitelnye resursy<\/em>, 1973, Vol. IX, Is. 1, pp. 100\u2013106.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaitseva I. V., Kobyakov K. N., Nikonov V. V., Smirnov D. Yu., Lukina N. V., Korennye starovozrastnye lesa Murmanskoi oblasti (Primary old-growth forests of Murmansk Region), Lesovedenie<\/em>, 2002, No 2, pp. 15\u201323.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zhivov D. A., Sukhareva T. A., Zapasy azota i ugleroda v pochvakh elovykh lesov Murmanskoi oblasti (Nitrogen and carbon stocks in soils of spruce forests of Murmansk Region), Vestnik Nizhnevartovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta<\/em>, 2025, No 4(72), pp. 84\u2013100, DOI: 10.36906\/2311-4444\/25-4\/07.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N. S. Ryabov \u00a0 Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems of the KSC RAS Akademgorodok, 14A, Apatity 184209, Russian Federation \u00a0 E-mail: n.ryabov@ksc.ru Received 23.05.2026 Revised: 18.06.2026 Accepted: 22.06.2026 Global climate change, directly linked...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[42],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8386"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8392,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8386\/revisions\/8392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jfsi.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}