Monitoring the composition of atmospheric and soil waters in forest ecosystems: achievements and perspectives

© 2020 г.

V.V. Ershov

Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North,Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,Akademgorodok 14a, Murmansk district, Apatity, 184209 Russia

E-mail: Slavo91@gmail.com

Received 20.04.2020

Accepted 28.05.2020

 

The article gives an overview of Russian and foreign studies devoted to the composition of atmospheric deposition and soil waters in forest ecosystems. It is concluded that insufficient attention is paid to the transformation of the chemical composition of precipitation by forest ecosystems, taking into account the influence of the species composition of the stand and the mosaic structure of the biogeocenosis (under-crown, inter-crown spaces, open areas). In European studies, the composition of atmospheric deposition and lysimetric waters is usually studied over many years allowing detection of long-term trends in changes in the composition of atmospheric and soil waters and identification of the factors of these changes. Such long-term (over 10 years) constant observations on the influence of technogenic pollution on the composition and properties of atmospheric and soil waters were not carried out in any Russian publications. This task is very relevant for Russia and especially for industrially developed regions.

Key words: forest biogeocenoses, air pollution, atmospheric deposition, soil water, monitoring, long-term dynamics, critical loads

REFERENCES

Aber J.D., McDowell W., Nadelhoffer K.J. et al., Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems, BioScience, 1998, Vol. 48, pp. 921-934.

Anan’eva S.I., Belova E.A., Bulychev A.G. et al., Kol’skaja gorno-metallurgicheskaja kompanija (promyshlennye ploshhadki «Nikel’» i «Zapoljarnyj»): vlijanie na nazemnye jekosistemy (Kola mining and metallurgical company (Nickel and Zapolyarny industrial sites): impact on terrestrial ecosystems), Rjazan’: NP “Golos gubernii”, 2012, 92 p.

Archegova I.B., Kuznecova E.G. Vlijanie drevesnyh rastenij na himicheskij sostav atmosfernyh osadkov v processe vosstanovlenija srednetaezhnyh lesov (The influence of woody plants on the chemical composition of precipitation during the restoration of mid-taiga forests), Lesovedenie, 2011, No 3, pp.  34-43.

Artemkina N.A., Gorbacheva T.T., Lukina N.V., Nizkomolekuljarnye organicheskie kisloty v pochvennyh vodah lesov Kol’skogo poluostrova (Low molecular weight organic acids in the soil waters of forests of the Kola Peninsula), Lesovedenie, 2008, No 6, pp. 37-44.

Artemkina N.A., Gorbacheva T.T., Lukina N.V., Nizkomolekuljarnye organicheskie kisloty v pochvennyh vodah lesov Kol’skogo poluostrova v uslovijah vozdushnogo promyshlennogo zagrjaznenija (Low molecular weight organic acids in the soil waters of the forests of the Kola Peninsula under industrial air pollution), Lesovedenie, 2011, No 4, pp. 21-29.

Bahmet O.N., Fedorec N.G., Lastochkina V.G., Himicheskij sostav atmosfernyh osadkov i pochvennyh vod Karelii, Petrozavodsk: Karel’skij nauchnyj centr RAN, 2011, 34 р.

Balestrini R., Arisci S., Brizzio M.C., Mosello R., Rogora M., Tagliaferri A., Dry deposition of particles and canopy exchange: comparison of wet, bulk and throughfall deposition at five forest sites in Italy, Atmospheric Environment, 2007, Vol. 41, pp. 745-756.

Bashkin V.N., Kurbatov A.A., Priputina I.V. Pokazateli kriticheskih nagruzok vmesto PDK (Indicators of critical loads instead of MPC), Jekologija i promyshlennost’ Rossii, 2005, No 8, pp. 25-29.

Bashkin V.N., Kurbatova A.S., Savin D.S. Metodologicheskie osnovy ocenki kriticheskih nagruzok polljutantov na gorodskie jekosistemy (Methodological basis for assessing the critical loads of pollutants on urban ecosystems), Moscow: NIiPI Jekologii goroda, 2004.

Boudot J.P., Becquer T., Merlet D., Rouiller J., Aluminum toxicity in declining forests: A general overview with a seasonal assessment in a silver fir forest in the Vosges mountains (France), Annales des Sciences Forestieres, 1994, Vol. 51, pp. 27-51.

Cvetkov V.F., Cvetkov I.V., Promyshlennoe zagrjaznenie okruzhajushhej sredy i les (Industrial pollution and forest), Arhangel’sk: IPC SAFU, 2012, 312 p.

Dauval’ter V.A., Dauval’ter M.V., Saltan N.V., Semenov E.N., Vlijanie vybrosov gorno-metallurgicheskogo kombinata na himicheskij sostav atmosfernyh vypadenij (Monchegorskij poligon) (Influence of emissions from a mining and smelting plant on the chemical composition of atmospheric deposition (Monchegorsk test site), Geojekologija, 2009, No 3, pp. 228-240.

De Vries W, Reinds G.J, Vel E., Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe 2: atmospheric deposition and its impacts on soil solution chemistry, Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, Vol. 174, pp. 97-115.

De Vries W., Reinds G.J., van Kerkvoorde M.A., Hendriks C.M.A., Leeters E.E.J.M., Gross C.P., Voogd J.C.H., Vel E.M., Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems in Europe, Technical Report 2000, UN/ECE, EC, Forest Intensive Monitoring Coordinating Institute.

De Vries, W., Dobbertin M.H., Solberg S., van Dobben H.F., Schaub M., Impacts of acid deposition, ozone exposure and weather condition on forest ecosystem in Europe: an overview, Plant Soil, 2014, 380, pp. 1-45.

Demakov Ju.P., Isaev V.L., Vlijanie ajeral’nogo postuplenija veshhestv na ih krugovorot v lesnyh jekosistemah (The effect of aerial intake of substances on their cycle in forest ecosystems), Vestnik Povolzhskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta. Serija “Les. Jekologija. Prirodopol’zovanie”, Joshkar-Ola, 2015, No 1, pp. 66-86.

Derjabina L.V., Peretykin A.A., Zoobentos kak indikator jekologicheskogo sostojanija prirodnoj oblasti Shershnjovskogo vodohranilishha v ijule-avguste 2012-2013 godov (Zoobenthos as an indicator of the ecological state of the natural area of the Shershnevsky reservoir in July-August 2012-2013), Vestnik Cheljabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2015, No 21, pp. 99-102.

Derome J., Lukina N., Interaction between environmental pollution and land-cover/land-use change in Arctic areas, Eurasian Arctic land cover and land use in a changing climate (Gutman G., Reissell A., eds.), Netherlands: Springer, 2010, pp. 269-290.

Engardt M., Simpson D., Schwikowski M., Granat L., Deposition of sulphur and nitrogen in Europe 1900-2050. Model calculations and comparison to historical observations, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2017, Vol. 69, Article 1328945.

Ershov V.V., Lukina N.V., Danilova M.A., Isaeva L.G., Suhareva T.A., Smirnov V.Je., Ocenka sostava dozhdevyh vypadenij v hvojnyh lesah na severnom predele rasprostranenija pri ajerotehnogennom zagrjaznenii (Assessment of the Composition of Rain Precipitation in Coniferous Forests at the Northern Limit of Their Distribution under the Conditions of Aerotechnogenic Pollution), Jekologija, 2020, No 4, pp. 265-274.

Еrshov V.V., Lukina N.V., Orlova M.A., Isaeva L.G., Smirnov V.Je., Gorbacheva T.T., Ocenka dinamiki sostava pochvennyh vod severotaezhnyh lesov pri snizhenii ajerotehnogennogo zagrjaznenija vybrosami medno-nikelevogo kombinata (Assessment of Soil-Water Composition Dynamics in the North Taiga Forests upon the Reduction of Industrial Air Pollution by Emissions of a Copper–Nickel Smelter), Sibirskij jekologicheskij zhurnal, 2019. No 1. pp. 119-132.

Ershov V.V., Lukina N.V., Orlova M.A., Zukert N.V., Dynamics of Snowmelt Water Composition in Conifer Forests Exposed to airborne industrial Pollution, Rus. J. of Ecology, 2016, Vol. 47, No 1, pp. 46-52.

Evdokimova G.A., Kislyh E.E., Mozgova N.P., Biologicheskaja aktivnost’ pochv v uslovijah ajerotehnogennogo zagrjaznenija na Krajnem Severe (Biological activity of soils under conditions of aerotechnogenic pollution in the Far North), Leningrad, 1984, 121 p.

Ferm M., Granat L., Engardt M., Pihl Karlsson G., Danielsson H., Karlsson P.E., Hansen K., Wet deposition of ammonium, nitrate and non-sea-salt sulphate in Sweden 1955 through 2017, Atmospheric Environment: X, 2019, Vol. 2, pp. 1-10.

Ferretti M., Beuker E., Calatayud V., Canullo R., Dobbertin M., Eichhorn J., Neumann M., Roskams P., Schaub M., Data quality in field surveys: Methods and results for tree condition, phenology, growth, plant diversity and foliar injury due to ozone. In: Forest Monitoring, Edition: 1, Chapter: 21, UK: Elsevier, pp. 397-414.

Foy C.D., Plant adaptation to acid, aluminium-toxic soils, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1988, Vol. 19, pp. 959-987.

Glazovskaja M.A., Opyt klassifikacii pochv mira po ustojchivosti k tehnogennym kislotnym vozdejstvijam (Experience in the classification of world soils for resistance to technogenic acid influences), Pochvovedenie, 1990, No 9, pp. 82-96.

Glazovskaja M.A., Principy klassifikacii pochv po opasnosti ih zagrjaznenija tjazhelymi metallami (Principles for the classification of soils by the danger of their pollution by heavy metals), Biol. Nauki, 1989, No 9, pp. 38-47.

Glazovskaja M.A., Problemy i metody ocenki jekologo-geohimicheskoj ustojchivosti pochv i pochvennogo pokrova k tehnogennym vozdejstvijam (Problems and methods for assessing the ecological and geochemical resistance of soils and soil cover to technogenic impacts), Pochvovedenie, 1999, No 1, pp. 114-124.

Glazovskij N.F., Zlobina A.I., Uchvatov V.P., Himicheskij sostav snezhnogo pokrova nekotoryh rajonov Verhneokskogo bassejna (The chemical composition of the snow cover in some areas of the Upper Oka basin), Regional’nyj jekologicheskij monitoring, Moscow, Nauka, 1983, pp. 67–86.

Godbold D.L., Dictus K., Hüttermann A., Influence of aluminum and nitrate on root growth and mineral nutrition of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1988, Vol. 18, pp. 1167-1171.

Godbold D.L., Hüttermann A., Aluminium toxicity and forest decline, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1988, Vol. 85, pp. 3888-3892.

Godbold D.L., Kettner C., Use of root length elongation studies to determine aluminium and lead toxicity in Picea abies seedlings, Journal of Plant Physiology, 1991, Vol. 138, pp. 231-235.

Graf Pannatier E., Walthert L., Blaser P., Soil solution chemistry in acid forest soils: Are the BC: Al ratios as critical as expected in Switzerland, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Vol. 164, pp. 160-168.

Gundersen P., Nitrogen deposition and the forest nitrogen cycle: Role of denitrification, Forest Ecology and Management, 1991, Vol. 44, pp. 15-28.

Gundersen P., Sevel L., Christiansen J.R. et al., Do indicators of nitrogen retention and leaching differ between coniferous and broadleaved forests in Denmark, Forest Ecology and Management, 2009, Vol. 258, pp. 1137-1146.

Hansen K., Vesterdal L., Bastrup-Birk A., Bille-Hansen J., Are Indicators for Critical Load Exceedance Related to Forest Condition, Water, Air & Soil Pollution, Vol. 183, pp. 293-308.

Helmisaari H.-S., Mälkönen E., Acidity and nutrient content of throughfall and soil leachate in three Pinus sylvestris stands, Scandinav. J. of Forest Research, 1989, Vol. 4, Issue 1–4, pp.13-28.

Herrmann M., Pust J., Pott R., The chemical composition of throughfall beneath oak, birch and pine canopies in Northwest Germany, Plant Ecology, 2006, Vol. 184, pp. 273-285.

Hrustaleva M.A., Jekogeohimija morennyh landshaftov centra Russkoj ravniny (Ecogeochemistry of moraine landscapes in the center of the Russian Plain), Moscow: Tehnopoligrafcentr, 2002, 315 p.

IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

Jakovljevic T., Marchetto A., Lovreškov L. уе al., Assessment of Atmospheric Deposition and Vitality Indicators in Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Sustainability, 2019, Vol. 11, pp. 1-23.

Jarmishko V.T., Jarmishko M.A., Vlijanie pozharov i atmosfernogo zagrjaznenija na strukturu i produktivnost’ napochvennogo pokrova i travjano-kustarnichkovogo jarusa sosnovyh lesov na evropejskom severe Rossii (The effect of fires and atmospheric pollution on the structure and productivity of the soil cover and grass-shrub layer of pine forests in the European north of Russia), Rastitel’nye resursy, 2002, Vol. 38, Issue 2, pp. 40-54.

Jarmishko V.T., Ocenka sostojanija podzemnyh organov rastenij v uslovijah promyshlennogo zagrjaznenija (Assessment of the state of the underground organs of plants under industrial pollution), Vlijanie promyshlennyh predprijatij na okruzhajushhuju sredu: Tez. dokl. na Vsesojuz. Shkole (The impact of industrial enterprises on the environment: Abstracts at the All-Union School), Zvenigorod, Pushhino, 1984, pp. 230-231.

Johnson J., Graf Pannatier E., Carnicelli S. et al., The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition, Global Change Biology, 2018, Vol. 24, pp. 3603-3619.

Karaban’ R.T., Nazarov I.M., Rudneva I.A., Sisigina T.I., O nakoplenii nikelja v pochve i drevesnoj rastitel’nosti lesonasazhdenij, proizrastajushhih vokrug predprijatij cvetnoj metallurgii (On the accumulation of nickel in the soil and woody vegetation of forest stands growing around non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises), Migracija zagrjaznjajushhih veshhestv v pochvah i sopredel’nyh sredah, Leningrad, 1985, pp. 109-117.

Karpachevskij L.O., Les i lesnye pochvy (Forest and forest soils). Moscow: Lesnaja promyshlennost’, 1981, 264 p.

Karpuhin A.I., Jashin I.M., Chernikov V.A., Formirovanie i migracija kompleksov vodorastvorimyh organicheskih veshhestv s ionami tjazhelyh metallov v taezhnyh landshaftah Evropejskogo Severa (Formation and migration of complexes of water-soluble organic substances with heavy metal ions in the taiga landscapes of the European North), Izvestija TSHA, 1993, Issue. 2, pp. 107-126.

Kashulina G., Caritat P., Reimann C., Snow and rain chemistry around the “Severonikel” industrial complex, NW Russia: Current status and retrospective analysis, Atmospheric Environment, 2014, Vol. 89, рр. 672-682.

Kislotnye osadki i lesnye pochvy (Acid rain and forest soils), Eds: Nikonov V.V., Kopcik G.N., Apatity: KNTS RAN, 1999, 320 p.

Kljuev N.N., Jakovenko L.M., “Grjaznye” goroda Rossii: faktory, opredeljajushhie zagrjaznenie atmosfernogo vozduha (“Dirty” cities in Russia: factors determining air pollution), Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Serija jekologija i bezopasnost’, 2018, Vol. 26, No 2, pp. 237-250.

Konovalov A.G., Risnik D.V., Levich A.P., Fursova P.V., Obzor podhodov k ocenke jekologicheskogo sostojanija i normirovaniju kachestva pochv (Overview of approaches to environmental assessment and soil quality regulation), Mezhdisciplinarnyj nauchnyj i prikladnoj zhurnal “Biosfera”, 2017, Vol. 9, No 3.

Kopanev I.D., Klimaticheskie aspekty izuchenija snezhnogo pokrova (Climatic aspects of the study of snow cover), Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1982, 239 p.

Kopcik G.N., Lukina N.V., Smirnova I.E., Vlijanie atmosfernogo promyshlennogo zagrjaznenija na sostav pochvennyh rastvorov podzolov (The effect of atmospheric industrial pollution on the composition of soil solutions of podzols), Pochvovedenie, 2007, No 2, pp. 223-234.

Kopcik G.N., Ustojchivost’ lesnyh pochv k atmosfernomu zagrjaznenii (Resistance of forest soils to atmospheric pollution), Moscow: Lesovedenie, 2004, No 4, pp. 61-71.

Kopcik S.V., Kopcik G.N., Aljabina I.O., Ocenka riska izbytochnogo postuplenija soedinenij sery v nazemnye jekosistemy Kol’skogo poluostrova (Assessment of the risk of excess intake of sulfur compounds in terrestrial ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula), Jekologija, 2008, No 5, pp. 347-356.

Korhola A., Weckstrom J., Nyman M., Predicting the long-term acidification trends in small subarctic lakes using diatoms, Journal of Applied Ecology, 1999, Vol. 36, рр. 1021-1034.

Kowalska, A., Astel A., Boczoń A., Polkowska Ż., Atmospheric deposition in coniferous and deciduous tree stands in Poland, Atmospheric Environment, 2016, Vol. 133, pp. 145-155.

Kovda V.A., Biogeohimija pochvennogo pokrova (Biogeochemistry of soil cover), Nauka, 1985, 264 p.

Kravchenko I.Ju., Himicheskij sostav pochvennyh vod hvojnyh lesov srednej tajgi Karelii (The chemical composition of soil water in the coniferous forests of the middle taiga of Karelia), V sbornike: Biodiagnostika sostojanija prirodnyh i prirodno-tehnogennyh sistem Materialy HIV Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii c mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (In the collection: Biodiagnostics of the state of natural and natural-technogenic systems Materials of the XIV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation), 2016, pp. 330-335.

Kristensen H.L., Gundersen P., Callesen I., Reinds G.J., Throughfall nitrogen deposition has different impacts on soil solution nitrate concentration in European coniferous and deciduous forests, Ecosystems, 2004, Vol. 7, pp. 180-192.

Kudrevatyh I.Ju., Ocenka vzaimosvjazi mezhdu atmosfernym vypadeniem mineral’nogo azota i rastitel’nost’ju v lesnyh jekosistemah (Assessing the relationship between atmospheric deposition of mineral nitrogen and vegetation in forest ecosystems), Jekologija. Izvestija RAN. Serija biologicheskaja, 2017, No 2, pp. 181-189.

Kurpatov S.V., Mihajluc A.P., Ivanova O.Ju., Formirovanie tehnogennyh nagruzok himicheskogo zagrjaznenija atmosfernogo vozduha v sovremennyh uslovijah razvitija proizvoditel’nyh sil v Krasnojarskom krae (The formation of technogenic loads and chemical pollution of atmospheric air in modern conditions of development of productive forces in Krasnoyarsk region), Rossijskij mediko-biologicheskij vestnik imeni akademika I.P. Pavlova, 2016, Vol. 24, No 4, pp. 17-24.

Lorenz M., Becher G., Forest Condition in Europe, Technical Report of ICP Forests. Work Report of the Thünen Institute for World Forestry 2012/1, ICP Forests, Hamburg, 2012, р. 159.

Lorenz M., Granke O., Deposition measurements and critical loads calculations: monitoring data, results and perspective, Forest – Biogeosciences and Forestry, Vol. 2, pp. 11-14.

Lorenz M., International co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests – ICP forests, Water Air Soil Pollut, 1995, Vol. 85, pp. 1221-1226.

Lukina N.V., Ershov V.V., Gorbacheva T.T., Orlova M.A., Isaeva L.G., Teben’kova D.N. Assessment of soil water composition in the northern taiga coniferous forests of background territories in the industrially developed region, Eurasian Soil Science, 2018, Vol. 51, No 3, pp. 285-297.

Lukina N.V., Nikonov V.V., Biogeohimicheskie cikly v lesah Severa v uslovijah ajerotehnogennogo zagrjaznenija (Biogeochemical cycles in the forests of the North under aerotechnogenic pollution), Part. 1, Apatity: KNC RAN, 1996, 216 p.

Lukina N.V., Nikonov V.V., Degradational succession of forest ecosystems in the surroundings of Cu – Ni smelter in theKola Peninsula, Proceedings of 28th Annual Meeting, Sudbury, Ontario, 2003, [CDROM].

Lukina N.V., Nikonov V.V., Pitatel’nyj rezhim lesov severnoj tajgi (Nutritional regime of northern taiga forests), Apatity: KNC RAN, 1998, 316 p.

Lukina N.V., Poljanskaja L.M., Orlova M.A., Pitatel’nyj rezhim pochv severotaezhnyh lesov (Nutrient regime of soils of northern taiga forests), Moscow: Nauka, 2008, 342 p.

Maas R., Grennfelt P., Towards Cleaner Air. Scientific Assessment Report 2016. EMEP Steering Body and Working Group on Effects of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 2016, p. 50.

Martynjuk A.A., Doronicheva E.V., Rykova T.V., Izmenenie himicheskogo sostava prirodnyh osadkov pod pologom sosnovyh nasazhdenij v uslovijah tehnogennogo zagrjaznenija sredy (Changes in the chemical composition of natural rainfall under the canopy of pine plantations under conditions of technogenic pollution), Lisovij zhurnal, 2011, No 1, pp. 8-11.

Marunich S.V., Burov A.S., Kuznecova Ju.N., Nedogarko I.V., Transformacija himicheskogo sostava atmosfernyh osadkov pologom drevostoja juzhno-taezhnyh lesov (The transformation of the chemical composition of precipitation by the canopy of the stand of the southern taiga forests), Izvestija RAN. Serija geograficheskaja, 2006, No 4, pp. 52-57.

Matzner E., Meiwes K.J., Long-term development of element fluxes with bulk precipitation and throughfall in two German forests, Journal of Environmental Quality Abstract, 1994, Vol. 23, рр. 162-166.

Medvedev L.V., Shitikova T.E., Alekseenko V.A., Transformacija zhidkih atmosfernyh osadkov drevostojami juzhnoj tajgi (na primere Valdaja) (Transformation of liquid atmospheric precipitation by stands of southern taiga (Valdai as an example), Struktura i funkcionirovanie jekosistem juzhnoj tajgi, Moscow, 1986, pp. 26-55.

Morozova R.M., Kulikova V.K., Rol’ atmosfernyh osadkov v krugovorote azota i zol’nyh jelementov v elovyh lesah Karelii (The role of precipitation in the nitrogen and ash cycle in the spruce forests of Karelia), Pochvennye issledovanija v Karelii. Petrozavodsk: In-t lesa KF AN SSSR, 1974, pp. 143-161.

Motuzova G.V., Barsova N.Ju., Karpova E.A., Kocharjan A.G., Sostav lizimetricheskih vod pochv Verhnevolzhskih landshaftov (Composition of lysimetric waters of soils of the Upper Volga landscapes), Pochvovedenie, 2009, No 2, pp.1-9.

Motuzova G.V., Pochvenno-himicheskij jekologicheskij monitoring (Soil-chemical environmental monitoring). Moscow: MGU, 2001, 85 p.

Nikonov V.V, Lukina N.V, Bezel’ V.S. et al., Rassejannye jelementy v boreal’nyh leash (Scattered elements in boreal forests), Moscow: Nauka, 2004, 616 p.

Nikonov V.V., Lukina N.V., Vlijanie eli i sosny na kislotnost’ i sostav atmosfernyh vypadenij v severo-taezhnyh lesah industrial’no razvitogo regiona (The effect of spruce and pine on the acidity and composition of atmospheric deposition in the north-taiga forests of the industrialized region), Jekologija, 2000, No 2, pp. 97-105.

Nilsson J., Grennfelt P., Critical loads for Sulphur and nitrogen, Miljorapport, 1988, p. 418

Obolkin V.A., Hodzher T.V., Anohin Ju.A. et al., Kislotnost’ atmosfernyh vypadenij v regione Bajkala (Acidity of atmospheric deposition in the Baikal region), Meteorologija i gidrologija, 1991, No 1, pp. 55-60.

Pascaud A., Sauvage S., Coddeville P., Nicolas M., Croisé L., Mezdour A., Probst A., Contrasted spatial and long-term trends in precipitation chemistry and deposition fluxes at rural stations in France, Atmospheric Environment, 2016, Vol. 146, pp. 28-43.

P’javchenko N.I., Sibereva Z.A., O roli atmosfernoj pyli v pitanii bolot (On the role of atmospheric dust in the nutrition of swamps), Doklady AN SSSR, 1959, Vol. 124, No 2, pp. 414-417.

Pomeroy J.W., Davies T.D., Jones H.G. et al., Transformations of snow chemistry in the boreal forest: accumulation and volatilization, Hydrol. Process, 1999, Vol. 13, pp. 2257-2273.

Pozdnjakov L.K., O roli osadkov pronikajushhih pod polog lesa, v processe obmena veshhestv mezhdu lesom i pochvoj (On the role of sediments penetrating under the forest canopy in the process of metabolism between forest and soil), Doklady AN SSSR, 1956, Vol. 107, No 5. pp. 753-756.

Priputina I.V., Bashkin V.N., Jekologicheskie riski v svjazi s tehnogennym zagrjazneniem okruzhajushhej sredy: analiz podhodov i metodov ocenki (Environmental risks associated with anthropogenic pollution of the environment: analysis of approaches and assessment methods), Problemy analiza riska, 2012, Vol. 9, No 5, pp. 4-25.

Pristova T.A., Vlijanie drevesnogo pologa listvenno–hvojnogo nasazhdenija na himicheskij sostav osadkov (The influence of deciduous-coniferous tree canopy on the chemical composition of sediments), Lesovedenie, 2005, No 5, pp. 49-55.

Pristova, T.A, Vasilevich M.I., Himicheskij sostav snezhnogo pokrova v lesnyh jekosistemah v zone ajerotehnogennogo vlijanija celljulozno-bumazhnogo proiz-vodstva (CBP) (The chemical composition of the snow cover in forest ecosystems in the area of aerotechnogenic influence of pulp and paper production (PPI), Izvestija Samarskogo nauchnogo centra Rossijskoj akademii nauk, 2010, Vol. 12, No 1(9), pp. 2313-2316.

Ratkin N.E., Asming V.Je., Koshkin V.V., Vlijanie prirodnyh lokal’nyh faktorov na zagrjaznenie snezhnogo pokrova (na primere Pechengskogo rajona) (The influence of natural local factors on snow cover pollution (by the example of the Pechenga district)), Vestnik MGTU, 1988, Vol. 1, No 3, pp. 151-160.

Ratkin N.E., Kolichestvennaja ocenka ajerotehnogennogo potoka veshhestva na podstilajushhuju poverhnost’ raschetnym metodom (Quantitative assessment of aerotechnogenic substance flow to the underlying surface by calculation method), Vestnik MGTU, 2000, Vol. 3, No 1, pp. 145-164.

Raudina T.V., Pochvennyj rastvor: ot klassicheskih predstavlenij k sovremennym ponjatijam (Soil solution: from classical concepts to modern concepts), Reflection Bio-Geo-antropospheral interactions in soils and soil cover, Collection of materials V International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the opening of the first university department of Soil Science in Siberia September 7-11, 2015, Tomsk, Russia, 2015, pp. 87-93.

Reinds G.J., Groenenberg J.E., Vrieset W., Critical Loads of copper, nickel, zinc, arsenic, chromium and selenium for terrestrial ecosystems at a European scale, Wageningen, Alterra, 2006, p. 46.

Robakidze E.A., Torlopova N.V., Bobkova K.S., Himicheskij sostav zhidkih atmosfernyh osadkov v starovozrastnyh el’nikah srednej tajgi (The chemical composition of liquid atmospheric precipitation in old-growth spruce forests of the middle taiga), Geohimija, 2013, No 1, pp. 72-83.

Rode A.A., Pochvovedenie (Soil science). Moscow: Goslesbumizdat, 1955, 524 p.

Sawicka K., Monteith D.T., Vanguelova E.I., Wade A.J. Clark J.M., Fine-scale temporal characterization of trends in soil water dissolved organic carbon and potential drivers, Ecological Indicators, 2016, Vol. 68, pp. 36-51.

Schöpp W., Posch M., Mylona S., Johansson M Long-term development of acid deposition (1880–2030) in sensitive freshwater regions in Europe, Hydrol Earth Syst Sci, 2003, pp. 436-446.

Shepel’ K.S., Geoekologicheskaya otsenka zagryazneniya pochv v rayone raspolozheniya predpriyatiya gorno-metallurgicheskogo kompleksa Urala (Geoecological assessment of soil pollution in the area of the mining and metallurgical complex of the Ural), Problemy nedropol’zovaniya, 2019, No 2, pp. 171-176.

Shil’cova G.V., Rol’ sosnovyh biogeocenozov zapovednika «Kivach» v formirovanii kislotnosti i sostava prirodnyh vod (The role of pine biogeocenoses of the Kivach reserve in the formation of acidity and composition of natural waters), Trudy Karel’skogo nauchnogo centra RAN, issue 10, Petrozavodsk, 2006, pp. 173-179.

Smit U.H., Les i atmosfera (Forest and atmosphere), Moscow: Progress, 1985, 430 p.

Sultanbaeva R.R., Kopcik G.N., Smirnova I.E., Kopcik S.V., Postuplenie i migracija rastvorimogo organicheskogo ugleroda v pochvah lesnyh jekosistem podzony shirokolistvenno-hvojnyh lesov (The intake and migration of soluble organic carbon in the soils of forest ecosystems of the subzone of deciduous-coniferous forests), Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 17: Pochvovedenie, 2015, No 4, pp. 37-42.

Svedrup H., Warfvinge P., Effect of soil acidification on the growth of trees and plants as expressed by the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al ratio, Reports in Environmental Engineering and Ecology, 1993, Vol. 2, pp. 123.

Tentjukov M.P., Osobennosti formirovanija zagrjaznenija snezhnogo pokrova: moroznoe kondensirovanie tehnogennyh jemissij (na primere rajonov neftedobychi v bol’shezemel’skoj tundre) (Features of the formation of snow cover pollution: frosty condensation of technogenic emissions (on the example of oil production areas in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra), Kriosfera zemli, 2007, Vol. 11, No 4, pp. 31-41.

Thimonier A., Measurement of atmospheric deposition under forest canopies: Some recommendations for equipment and sampling design, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998, Vol. 52, pp. 353-387.

Thimonier A., Schmitt M., Waldner P., Rihm B., Atmospheric deposition on Swiss Long-term forest ecosystem research (LWF) plots, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2005, Vol. 104, pp. 81-118.

Tjazhelye metally v okruzhajushhej srede (Heavy metals in the environment), Moscow: Izd-vo MGU, 1980, 80 p.

Trubicina O.P., Analiz geojekologicheskogo sostojanija atmosfernogo vozduha i osadkov severa Russkoj ravniny po dannym monitoring (Analysis of the geoecological state of atmospheric air and precipitation in the north of the Russian Plain according to monitoring data), Vestnik Pomorskogo universiteta. Ser: Estestvennye nauki, 2008, No 3, pp. 35-42.

Uchvatov V.P., Glazovskij N.F., Transformacija himicheskogo sostava prirodnyh vod v lesnom landshafte kak pokazatel’ ego biogeohimicheskogo funkcionirovanija (The transformation of the chemical composition of natural waters in a forest landscape as an indicator of its biogeochemical functioning), Izvestija AN SSSR. Ser. Geogr, 1984, No 1, pp. 101-109.

Waldner P., Schaub M., Graf Pannatier E., Schmitt M., Thimonier A., Walthert L., Atmospheric Deposition and Ozone Levels in Swiss Forests: Are Critical Values Exceeded, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2007, Vol. 128, pp. 5-17.

Waldner P., Thimonier A., Graf Pannatier E. et al., Exceedance of critical loads and of critical limits impacts tree, Annals of Forest Science, 2015, Vol. 72, pp. 929-939.

van Dobben, H., De Vries W., Relation between forest vegetation, atmospheric deposition and site conditions at regional and European scales, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 158, pp. 921-933.

Vanguelova E.I., Benham S., Pitman R. et al., Durrant Houston T. Chemical fluxes in time through forest ecosystems in the UK – Soil response to pollution recovery, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 158, pp. 1857-1869.

Vasilenko V.N., Nazarov I.M., Fridman Sh.D., Issledovanie dal’nego perenosa sul’fatov v Sovetskoj Arktike po zagrjazneniju snezhnogo pokrova (Study of the long-range transport of sulfates in the Soviet Arctic on snow pollution), Meteorologija i gidrologija, 1985, No 4, pp. 114-117.

Vernadskij V.I., Izbrannye sochinenija (Selected Works), Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1960, 420 p.

Verstraeten A., Neirynck J., Genouw G., Cools N., Roskmans P., Hens M., Impact of declining atmospheric deposition on forest soil solution chemistry in Flanders, Belgium, Atmospheric Environment, 2012, Vol. 62, pp. 50-63.

Voejkov A.I., Vlijanie snegovoj poverhnosti na klimat (The effect of snow on climate), Leningrad; Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1949, Vol. 2, 531 p.

Voevodova Z.I., Vozmozhnost’ opredelenija vlijanija zagrjaznenija atmosfery na vodnye resursy putem otbora prob snega. in: Vlijanie hozjajstvennoj dejatel’nosti cheloveka na vodnye resursy Komi ASSR (The impact of human activities on the water resources of the Komi ASSR), Syktyvkar, 1979, pp. 80-88.

Vorobejchik E.L., Kajgorodova S.Ju., Mnogoletnjaja dinamika soderzhanija tjazhelyh metallov v verhnih gorizontah pochv v rajone vozdejstvija medeplavil’nogo zavoda v period sokrashhenija ob#emov ego vybrosov (Long-term dynamics of the content of heavy metals in the upper horizons of soils in the area affected by the smelter during the period of reduction of its emissions), Pochvovedenie, 2017,  No 8, pp. 1009-1024.

Zajceva A.O., Tehnogennye istochniki himicheskogo zagrjaznenija atmosfery Krasnojarskogo kraja (Technogenic sources of cemical pollution sources of the atmosphere Krasnoyarsk region), Aktual’nye problemy aviacii i kosmonavtiki, 2016. Vol.1, No 12, pp. 956-958.