A.V. Gornov

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

E-mail: aleksey-gornov@yandex.ru

Received 15 November 2018

The forests of Karelia and the Karelian Isthmus were classified by field guide of European Russia forest types, which was developed by L. B. Zaugolnova and V.B Martynenko. The studied forests were classified into five main sections: lichenous, green moss, sphagnous, grass and grass-marsh. The most widely represented are the green moss and sphagnous sections. They include five groups of forest types. The lichen section is the least diverse: it contains only two groups of forest types. In each group of forest types identified forest types. The most common types of forest are pine and blueberry-green moss forests.

Key words: forest classification, determinant of forest types in European Russia, Karelia, Karelian Isthmus, northern taiga, middle taiga.

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S.V. Knyazeva, S.P. Eydlina

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

knsvetl@gmail.com

Received 20 November 2018

The article deals with the analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of forest condition parameters in Russian Northwest regions over the 2008-2010. Main assessed parameters were defoliation, discoloration, crown condition category and percentage of crown damage on observation plots of ground-based regular monitoring network organized according to the ICP Forests international program. An assessment was carried out by means of geoinformation mapping and of the spatial analysis taking into account landscape, climatic conditions and man-made influence. It has been analyzed parameters on 710 plots from six Russian regions: Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Murmansk and the Republic of Karelia. The most informative parameters were defoliation and the percentage of crown damages. The trees showed higher defoliation in the coniferous forests which formed on lake-glacial lowland plains and on high platform plains (Precambrian shields and ridges with glacial treatment) in the Republic of Karelia and in the Leningrad Region (Karelian isthmus). The proportion of damaged trees increased from 23% in 2008 to 39% in 2010. The maximum values of this parameter (over 80%) for the entire period were observed in 4 regions: the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad (mainly on the Karelian isthmus), Murmansk and Kaliningrad regions. The most dangerous causes of tree damages prevailed in the Leningrad region and in Republic of Karelia. Trees affected by diseases were 30% in the north taiga, 24% in the middle taiga and 19% in the south taiga. The most damaged trees were on sand landscapes and on Precambrian shields and ridges with glacial treatment. In general, according to the results of the cartographic analysis of monitoring data for the period from 2008 to 2010, the Karelian Isthmus (Leningrad Region) can be distinguished, in which middle-taiga forests are characterized by consistently the worst average values of the state of tree plants throughout the ICP Forests network.

Key words: сondition of tree plants, regular network, points of constant observation, assessment of crown condition, dominant species, damage and diseases of trees, maps of parameters

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/1-1-2018-dulina_chumachenko/ Mon, 03 Dec 2018 11:19:08 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=1286 full text

A.A. Dulina¹, S.I. Chumachenko²

¹Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

²MB of Bauman Moscow State Technical University

1^st Institutskaya street, 1,

141005, Mytischi, Moscow region, Russia

Е-mail: anna_dulina@bk.ru

Received 25 November 2018

The article analyzes the conditions most favorable for the growth and fruiting of berries and mushrooms. The indicators of productivity of food resources are studied. The Russian and foreign models of forest food resource productivity are considered. It is proposed to use an informative parameter such as illumination at ground cover level to model the dynamics of food resource productivity. Having calculated it, it is possible to more accurately estimate the yield of food resources not only in single-tier, having undergrowth and undergrowth, but also in multi-tiered stands.

Key words: forest food resources, modeling, illumination, yield

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E.N. Sochilova¹, N.V. Surkov^1,2, D.V. Ershov¹, V.A. Khamedov³

¹Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

²Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

³Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiys, 628012, Russia
E-mail: elena@ifi.rssi.ru
Received 30 October 2018

The paper describes assessment of spatial biomass of top wood layer based on combination of high-resolution Landsat-8 satellite images and selected ground forest inventory data measurements. Test area is one of forestry of Khanty-Mansiysk region. Segmentation of satellite images for spectral homogeneous land sites (segments) mapping is applied. Land category, dominated specie, age and wood stock volume for these sites are defined. Ground forest inventory data and segments used for selection of segments for dominated specie classification and validation of obtained map. The first, nine types of land cover are classified, four of them belong to forest cover with dominating of pine, spruce, cider and birch. The reference sample is updated by segments of such non-forest classes as fires, cuts and other non-forested lands, swamps, water internal bodies. Twelve spectral metrics are used for classification: reflectance in blue, green, red and near-infrared bands of Landsat-8. There are following vegetation seasons: and of winter, beginning of spring and middle of summer. The most significant informative metrics are the reflectance in the NIR band of the spring image, also green and red bands of the summer image. Random Forest algorithm is applied for training classification. The total accuracy of land categories and dominated species classification is 86,3%. Cross-validation of the classification based on the control sample was 0.712. In the second stage, we used regression models to relate the reflectance in the red band of the winter image with the taxation characteristics of the wood stock and age of the forest species in the selected reference segments. The level of relationship between the reflectance and wood stock values were equal to 0.80 for pine, 0.56 for dark coniferous species and 0.73 for birch. Between the reflectance and the specie height is following 0.75 for pine, 0.61 for birch and 0.64 for dark coniferous species. A check with control data showed that the error in estimating the wood stock above 250 m³ / ha for birch is 15.4%, for pine – 19.0% and for dark coniferous species – 5.5%. We used regional growth tables and the mean heights reconstructed from the regression equations for calculation mean specie ages. Then the age groups (according regional felling age) for each species are determined and the wood stocks are converted into wood biomass by conversion coefficients. As a result, maps of mean ages, heights, wood stock in m³/ha and biomass in t/ha were created. Based on these maps quarter assessments of the areas and stocks of the main dominated forest species of our test area, including felling age forest stands, were carried out.

Key words: stand biomass, wood stock volume, remote sensing data, Landsat-8, forest classification, Random Forest, forestry

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A.P. Geraskina

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

E-mail: angersgma@gmail.com

Received 11 November 2018

The paper presents the results of a study of the population of earthworms at three stages of after-felling succession of coniferous-deciduous forests in the North-West Caucasus (headwaters of the river Pshekha and headwaters of the river Belaya). Studies were conducted in three types of forest communities: the early stage – aspen-hornbeam-honeysuckle small herb forests, the intermediate stage – spruce-hornbeam small herb forests, the late stage – beech-fir dead cover forests. There are brown forest soils. It was shown that in the course of post-workout succession, significant transformations of the earthworm complex occur only at a late stage, where biomass worm increases significantly. Four morpho-ecological groups of Lumbricidae dwell only at a late stage in the old forest, despite the fact that at this stage the structure of ecological-cenotic groups of plants is simplified and oligodominant dead-cover communities with a predominance of boreal species are formed. Species of Lumbricidae with a сrimean- caucasian type of habitat (D. schmidti, D. mariupolienis) are dominated at all stages of forest succession. The demographic structure of the earthworm complex is stable in all types of forests and represented by different ontogenetic conditions with a significant predominance of juvenile worms – 65-78%.

Key words: North-Western Caucasus, succession, earthworms, Lumbricidae, forests, soil

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N.E. Shevchenko

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

Е-mail: neshevchenko@gmail.com

Received 22 August 2018

The taxonomic, ecologo-cenotic and geographical diversity of the flora of forests of the Central Ciscaucasia, counting 735 species of vascular plants belonging to 101 families and 353 genera is considered in the article. The taxonomic structure of the forest flora according to the composition of the first ten families corresponds to the flora of the Ciscaucasia. Forests have a European-sub-Mediterranean-Eurasian with a boreal and Caucasian impurity range of geographic elements. The general course of development of the forest flora of the region as well as the forests of the Eastern European Plain went in the direction of incubation of the European complex into sub-Mediterranean and boreal types with their gradual displacement.

Key words: Central Ciscaucasia, forests, flora, taxonomic structure, eco-cenotetic group, bimorph, geoelement

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D.G. Zamolodchikov^1,2, V.I. Grabowsky¹, O.V. Chestnykh^1,2

¹Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

²Lomonosov Moscow State University

Leninskie Gory 1 bldg. 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia

Received 04 September 2018

The calculations of forest carbon budget of federal districts (FD) of Russia is performed using data of State forest registry and archive materials of state forest fund accounts. Total carbon reserves on forested lands of Russia at 01.01.2015 were 123.77±18.93 Gt C. The input to national forest carbon reserves were maximal in Siberian (36.4%) and Far East (35.2) FD. The next were North-West (11.3%), Ural (9.3%), Volga (4.4%), Central (2.8%), North-Caucasian (0.3%) and South (0.2%) FD. Inputs to national forest carbon sink (206.10±66.86 Mt C year^-1) were by FD: Siberian 39.3%, Far East 15.1%, North-West 12.4%, Volga 12.1%, Ural 11.0%, Central 8.8%. Two groups of FD can be selected based on average carbon sink value: 1) with range 0.64-0.85 t C ha^-1 year^-1 (Central, South, North-Caucasian, Volga), 2) with range 0.11-0.33 t C ha^-1 year^-1 (North-West, Ural, Siberian, Far East). Carbon sink to forest of all FD was minimal in 1988-1993. The decrease of carbon losses with felling in 1993-2000 led to increase of carbon sink in majority of FD. FD can be subdivided by value of carbon sink increase on 2 groups: 1) with considerable increase (more then 86%) including North-West, Ural, Siberian, Far East; 2) with moderate increase (4-46%) including Central, South, North-Caucasian, Volga.

Key words: Federal districts, forests, carbon pool, carbon absorption, carbon balance, phytomass, dead wood, litter, soil, forest fires, felling

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A.S. Plotnikova, A.O. Kharitonova   

                                    Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS                                

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

E-mail: alexandra@ifi.rssi.ru

Received 30 August 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the drainage basins borders in the study area of ​​the Pechora natural reserve and its environs – the Kuryinsky and Yakshinsky forest districts. The input data for the identification of drainage basins borders of the study area were freely available ASTER GDEM Version 2, GMTED2010 and the hydrographic network data of 1: 1 000 000 scale. The processing and analysis of the input data was carried out using two geoinformation systems: SAGA GIS and ArcGIS Desktop. This study implied the preparation of DEM data and the identification of drainage basins borders on the study area. The preparation of DEM data included harmonization of DEMs spatial resolution, the filling of local depressions and flow direction calculation. The identification of drainage basins borders is carried out in two ways using the “Basin” and “Watershed” tools of the “Spatial Analyst” module of the geographic information system ArcGIS Desktop. The analysis of the results indicated that “Basin” tool allocates only the boundaries of the large rivers basins – Pechora and Ilych. To identify the drainage basins borders of not only large, but small rivers, the “Watershed” tool is suitable if complemented with raster data on the points of the mouth.

Key words: basin analysis, GIS technologies, DEM, Pechora natural reserve

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