SELECTION OF PLANTING MATERIAL FOR CREATION OF FOREST CROPS AT INTENSIFICATION OF FOREST REPRODUCTION

S. V. Gorbunova^*, S. A. Korchagov

 

Northern Research Institute of Forestry

Nikitova st., 13, Arkhangelsk 163062, Russian Federation

 

^*E-mail: svetlana.bobushkina@sevniilh-arh.ru

Received 09.06.2026

Revised: 17.06.2026

Accepted: 22.06.2026

 

 

Low productivity, decline of resource and ecological potential of forests prompts to search for ways to overcome this state of the forest sector of the Russian Federation. One step in this direction is the intensification of reforestation. In our country, the use of containerized seedlings is increasing with artificial forest restoration. Despite some advantages of containerized planting stock over traditional, there is mixed feedback on the effectiveness of growing ball-rooted seedlings in various conditions. In addition, it is more expensive than seedlings with a bare root system. The purpose of the study is a comparative assessment of planting material for reforestation during the intensification of forest management. To achieve this, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, special attention was paid to the preservation, growth, condition of forest crops created from different types of planting material, as well as factors affecting these indicators in the regions of the country. The objects of pine forest cultures in the Arkhangelsk region were examined. The average diameter and height were determined, as well as the survivability and preservation of plantings created by various planting materials according to generally accepted methods. In Buryatia and the Altai Territory, chemotropism had a negative effect on the survival of containerized seedlings, and in Tatarstan, the heavy granulometric composition of soils. In the Kirov region, Belarus, and the Republic of Mari El, the values of survival and biometric parameters of forest crops from containerized seedlings and traditional ones are close. At the same time, in Karelia, on untreated soil, traditional seedlings were superior in all respects to plants with a closed root system, and on a site with prepared soil, ball-rooted seedlings were in the lead under the same conditions. In addition to the type of planting material, according to the results of research in the Altai Territory, the Republic of Buryatia, Tatarstan, Voronezh, Kirov regions, the Republics of Mari El and Karelia, a significant impact on the success of soil preparation crops, the quality of planting work and the planting material itself, climatic conditions, especially in the year of planting. Our research proves the above. In addition, the negative effects of vegetation growth with deciduous rocks, damage by herbaceous animals, snowman and snowball have been noted. Thus, when planning reforestation work in intensive forestry, a significant set of factors must be considered, contrary to the advantages of containerized seedlings over traditional ones, in extreme soil and weather conditions, its survivability can be significantly reduced.

Кeywords: forest crops, ball-rooted planting stock, seedlings, saplings, pine, intensification of reforestation

 

REFERENCES

Anan’ev E. M., Prichiny nizkoj prizhivaemosti lesnyh kul’tur, sozdavaemyh sejancami s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj (Reasons for the low resilience of forest crops produced by ball-rooted seedlings), Aktual’nye problemy lesnogo kompleksa, 2017, No 49, pp. 58–62.

Belova A. I., Khamitov R. S., Khamitova S. M, Polyakova E. S., Rost lesnykh kul’tur eli Evropeyskoy sozdannykh seyantsami s zakrytoy kornevoy sistemoy (Growth of European spruce forest crops created by ball-rooted planting stock), Hvojnye boreal’noj zony, 2022, Vol. 40, No 2, pp. 109–113.

Bryndina L. V., Korchagina A. Ju., Repnikova L. A., Intensifikacija vosproizvodstva lesov (Intensification of forest reproduction), Stoljarovskie chtenija: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, posvjashhennoj 95-letiju akademika D. P. Stoljarova (The Stoljarovskie Readings: Materials of a scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 95th anniversary of Academician D. P. Stoljarov), St. Petersburg, 05 October 2023. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Research Institute of Forestry, 2023. pp. 13–15.

Doklad – Sostojanie i ohrana okruzhajushhej sredy Arhangel’skoj oblasti za 2024 god / otv. red. О. V. Peruhova (Report. State and environmental protection of the Arkhangelsk region in 2024), GBU Arhangel’skoj oblasti «Centr prirodopol’zovanija i ohrany okruzhajushhej sredy». Arhangel’sk: NARFU, 2021, 478 p., available at https://clck.su/Utree (06 April, 2026).

Doklad. Sostojanie i ohrana okruzhajushhej sredy Arhangel’skoj oblasti za 2024 god / otv. red. Je. V. Shashin (Report. State and environmental protection of the Arkhangelsk region in 2024), GBU Arhangel’skoj oblasti «Centr prirodopol’zovanija i ohrany okruzhajushhej sredy». Arhangel’sk: NARFU, 2025, 555 p., available at https://clck.su/Utree (06 April, 2026).

Efanova M. A., Zhurihin A. I., Issledovanie rosta kul’tur sosny, sozdannyh sazhencami s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj (Study the growth of pine crops produced by ball-rooted seedlings), Monitoring i bioraznoobrazie estestvennyh, iskusstvennyh i lesomeliorativnyh sistem: materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (Monitoring and Biodiversity of Natural, Man-made and Forest-related Systems), Voronezh: Voronezh State Forestry University named after H. F. Morozov, 2022, pp. 20–31.

Gavrilova O. I., Jur’eva O. I., Rost lesnyh kul’tur sosny v uslovijah juga Karelii (Growth of forest crops of pine in the conditions of southern Karelia), Trudy lesoinzhenernogo fakul’teta PetrGU, 2005, No 5, pp. 23–30.

Gladinov A. N., Konovalova E. V., Olzoeva Je. B., Sodboeva S. Ch., Rezul’taty ispol’zovanija sejancev s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj pri iskusstvennom lesovosstanovlenii v uslovijah Bajkal’skogo gornogo lesnogo rajona (Results of the use of ball-rooted seedlings in artificial reforestation under conditions of the Baikal mountain forest area), Vestnik BGSHA, 2023, No 4, pp. 97–105.

Gladinov A. N., Konovalova E. V., Sodboeva S. Ch., Sravnitel’nye rezul’taty ispol’zovaniya seyantsev sosny obyknovennoy s otkrytoy i zakrytoy kornevoy sistemoy pri iskusstvennom lesovosstanovlenii v usloviyakh Zapadnogo Zabaykal’ya (Comparative results of using Scots pine seedlings with open root system and ball-rooted planting stock in artificial reforestation in the conditions of Western Transbaicalia), Uspehi sovremennogo estestvoznanija, 2021, No 11, pp. 7–12.

Granik A. M., Kruk N. K., Rost lesnyh kul’tur sosny obyknovennoj v zavisimosti ot srokov posadki i vida posadochnogo materiala (The growth of forest crops of blackish pine depending on planting dates and type of planting material), Trudy BGTU. Serija 1: Lesnoe hozjajstvo, prirodopol’zovanie i pererabotka vozobnovljaemyh resursov, 2018, No 2 (210), pp. 85–90.

Gusev I. I., Statisticheskie pokazateli raspredelenija: Metodicheskie ukazanija k vypolneniju prakticheskih rabot po variacionnoj statistike (Statistical indicators of distribution: Guidelines for practical work on variation statistics), Editorial and publishing department of the ASTU, 1980, 36 p.

https://clck.su/AjajQ (18 May, 2026).

Hvatov P. V., Golubev M. A., Ryzhova N. V., Shutov V. V., Jeffektivnost’ kul’tur eli, sozdannyh posadochnym materialom s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj v uslovijah Kostromskoj oblasti (Efficiency of spruce crops created by ball-rooted planting stock in the Kostroma region), Current directions of scientific research in the 21st century: theory and practice, 2018, Vol. 6, No 3 (39), pp. 44–49.

Kashpor N. N., Vosproizvodstvo lesov: sostojanie i perspektivy (Forest reproduction: state and prospects), Rossijskaja lesnaja gazeta, 2006, No 18-19, pp. 148–149.

Konovalova I. A., Lelekova E. V., Monitoring sostojanija dvuletnih kul’tur sosny obyknovennoj iz sazhencev s zakrytoj i otkrytoj kornevoj sistemoj (Monitoring the condition of biannual crops of a blackcurrant pine from seedlings with closed root system and barred root system), Obshhestvo. Nauka. Innovacii (NPK-2020): Sbornik statej XX Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (Society. Science. Innovations: Collection of articles XX All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference), Kirov: Vyatsky State University, 2020, Vol. 2, pp. 19–24.

Kontseptsiya intensivnogo ispol’zovaniya i vosproizvodstva lesov (The concept of intensive use and forests reproduction), Saint Petersburg: FSBI «SPbRIF», 2015, 16 p.

Lesnoj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (Forest code of the Russian Federation) 04.12.2006, No. 200-FZ

Mochalov B. A., Bobushkina S. V., Lesokul’turnoe proizvodstvo – osnova nepreryvnosti lesopol’zovaniya (Silvicultural production as a basis for continuity of forest management), Lesnoy Zhurnal, 2021, No 4, pp. 80–96.

Mochalov B. A., Sen’kov A. O., Sovershenstvovanie tehnologii proizvodstva posadochnogo materiala s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj v teplichnyh kompleksah (Improvement of the technology for the production of ball-rooted planting stock in greenhouse complexes), Tezisy dokladov na soveshhanii – seminare «Sozdanie i ispol’zovanie postojannoj lesosemennoj bazy na selekcionnoj osnove, perspektivnye metody vyrashhivanija posadochnogo materiala i opyt sozdanija lesnyh kul’tur s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj na baze Semenovskogo specsemleshoza Nizhegorodskoj oblasti (Creation and Use of a Permanent Forest Base on the Basis of Selection, Promising Methods of Growing Planting Material and Experience in Creating Forest Crops with Closed Root System on the Basis of Semenovsky Special Timber Farm of Nizhny Novgorod region), Nizhny Novgorod. 2005, pp. 21–22.

Nacional’nyj standart Rossijskoj Federacii, Lesovosstanovlenie Tekhnicheskie usloviya, available at https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200157803 (11 May, 2026).

Nilsson U., Louranen J., Kolström T., Örlander G., Puttonen P., Reforestation with planting in northern Europe, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2010, Vol. 25, рp. 283–294.

Osipenko A. E., Zalesov S. V., Bashegurov K. A., Jeffektivnost’ sozdanija kul’tur sosny obyknovennoj v suhoj stepi (The efficiency of growing the Scots pine in dry steppe), Lesnoy Zhurnal, 2025, No 4(406), pp. 64–76.

Pravila lesovosstanovlenija, formy, sostava, porjadka soglasovanija proekta lesovosstanovlenija, osnovanija dlja otkaza v ego soglasovanii, a takzhe trebovanija k formatu v jelektronnoj forme proekta lesovosstanovlenija (Regulations for reforestation, form, composition, order of harmonization of reforestation project, grounds for refusal of harmonization and requirements for electronic format of reforestation project). Available at https://docs.cntd.ru/document/728111110 (04 April, 2026).

Prokazin N. E., Rodin S. A., Turchin T. Ja., Kazakov V. I., Lobanova E. N., Prizhivaemost’ lesnyh kul’tur, sozdannyh standartnym i ukrupnennym posadochnym materialom, v borovyh i sudubravnyh uslovijah stepnoj zony (The viability of forest crops, created with standard and enlarged planting material, in boreal and subdued conditions of the steppe zone), Lesohozjajstvennaja informacija, 2023, No 4, pp. 41–52.

Rasporyazhenie “Ob Osnovah gosudarstvennoj politiki v oblasti ispol’zovaniya, ohrany, zashchity i vosproizvodstva lesov v Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda” ot 26 sentyabrya 2013 goda №1724-r. Available at http://government.ru/docs/6385/ (04 April, 2026).

Romanov E. M., Vosproizvodstvo lesov v novoj strategii perehoda k ustojchivomu razvitiju lesnogo sektora Rossii (Forest reproduction in the new transition strategy for sustainable development of the Russian forest sector), Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology. Series Forest. Ecology. Nature Management, 2021, No 1 (49), pp. 5–22.

Sahnov V. V., Prokop’ev A. P., Galiullin I. R., Glushko S. G., Razvitie lesnyh kul’tur sosny obyknovennoj, sozdannyh posadochnym materialom s zakrytoj i otkrytoj kornevoj sistemy v razlichnyh uslovijah Respubliki Tatarstan (The development of forest crops of blackish pine, created by ball-rooted planting stock and a barred root system in various conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan), Forestry Bulletin, 2023, Vol. 27, No 2, pp. 38–48.

Selimenkov R. Ju., Mironov A. V., Jeffektivnost’ innovacionnyh tehnologij v vosproizvodstve lesov (The effectiveness of innovative technologies in forest reproduction), Problems of Territory’s Development, 2011, No 3 (55), pp. 51–58.

Shashenok D. S., Vlijanie vida posadochnogo materiala na rost i prizhivaemost’ sosny kedrovoj korejskoj v lesnyh kul’turah juzhnoj chasti Dal’nego Vostoka (The influence of planting material species on the growth and resilience of cedar pine in forest crops of the southern Far East), Agrarnyj vestnik Primor’ja, 2017, No 3 (7), pp. 39–42.

Shatravko V., Usenja V., Opyt organizacii jekonomicheski jeffektivnogo i jekologicheski ustojchivogo vedenija lesnogo hozjajstva v Respublike Belarus’: lesovosstanovlenie, uhod za lesom i lesozagotovka (Experience of organizing economically efficient and environmentally sustainable forestry in the Republic of Belarus: reforestation, forest maintenance and logging), Ustojchivoe lesopol’zovanie, 2015, No 3 (43), pp. 14–20.

Slovar’-spravochnik taezhnogo lesokul’turnika (Dictionary-Handbook of the Thai Forester), Arkhangelsk, 2001, 264 p.

Sorokin S. N., Stepchenko A. A., Klimenok A. V., O nekotoryh problemah vyrashhivanija posadochnogo materiala s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj v uslovijah sovremennyh teplichnyh kompleksov (About some problems of growing ball-rooted planting stock in the conditions of modern greenhouse complexes), Forest of Russia and economy in them, 2025, No 4 (95), pp. 95–116.

Taylor E. L., Blazier M., Gordon H. A., New pine planting strategies for the western Gulf States, USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-50, 2007, pp. 104–109.

Usenja V. V., Starozhishina K. M., Pomaz G. M., Vlijanie vida posadochnogo materiala na rost lesnyh kul’tur osnovnyh lesoobrazujushhih porod v lesorastitel’nyh i jekologicheskih uslovijah Belarusi (Impact of the planting material species on growth of forest crops of main forest-growing species in the forested and ecological conditions of Belarus), Innovacii i tehnologii v lesnom hozjajstve : Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, posvjashhennoj 95-letiju Sankt-Peterburgskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta lesnogo hozjajstva (Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 95th Anniversary of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Forestry), St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Research Institute of Forestry, 2024, pp. 350–355.

Zabolotskih P. V., Rost lesnyh kul’tur sosny obyknovennoj, sozdannyh razlichnym vidom posadochnogo materiala, v Respublike Marij Jel (Growth of forest crops of Scots pine, created by various types of planting material, in the Republic of Mari El), Current Directions of Scientific Research of the XXI Century: Theory and Practice, 2015, Vol. 3, No 5-4 (16-4), pp. 2472–50.

Zhigulin E. V., Gof A. A., Magasumova A. G., Opletaev A. S., Prichiny otpada lesnyh kul’tur, sozdannyh seyancami s zakrytoj kornevoj sistemoj (Reasons for the disappearance of forest crops produced by containerized seedlings), Effektivnyj otvet na sovremennye vyzovy s uchetom vzaimodejstviya cheloveka i prirody, cheloveka i tekhnologij: social’no-ekonomicheskie i ekologicheskie problemy lesnogo kompleksa: materialy XIII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konferencii (An Effective Response to Modern Challenges, Taking into Account the Interaction Between Man and Nature, Man and Technology: Social, Economic and Ecological Problems of the Forest Complex), Yekaterinburg: Ural State Forestry University, 2021, pp. 111–114.

Zhigunov A. V., Teoriya i praktika vyrashchivaniya posadochnogo materiala s zakrytoy kornevoy sistemoy (The theory and practice of growing ball-rooted planting stock), Saint-Petersburg, FSBI «SPbRIF», 2000, 293 p.