А. P. Geraskina^1*, К. А. Smirnov²

¹Isaev Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow 117997, Russia

²«EcoCherv» Surikova st. 30, Yekaterinburg 620144, Russian Federation

^*E-mail: angersgma@gmail.com

Received: 29.07.2025

Revised: 18.08.2025

Accepted: 08.09.2025

Restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems is impossible without restoration of soil fertility, including the creation of an appropriate soil structure. Reintroduction of natural soil-forming organisms among soil biota is an ecologically correct, but methodically insufficiently developed technology, especially on a large scale, which is necessary to achieve the goals of adaptation of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and restoration after disturbances. In this regard, there is a need for artificial breeding of a number of species and groups of soil invertebrates. The objective of this study is to find optimal conditions for breeding the endogeic species of earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa in vermiculture. The studies were conducted at the «EcoCherv» vermifarm in the Sverdlovsk region (Yekaterinburg, Russia) from 2022 to 2024. Two series of experiments on breeding worms on lowland peat (pH 4.8–5.5) with different humidity (60% and 75(80)%) and the absence/addition of fertilizer (grass granules from a mixture of meadow grasses) were carried out. Breeding of A. caliginosa with the addition of grass granules and increased substrate humidity (75–80%) was successful. Over 11 months, the number of worms increased more than 8-fold (taking into account cocoons, 20-fold). The life cycle was five months. This work will be continued to obtain a large breeding population of A. caliginosa. To maintain genetic diversity and sustainability, it is planned to renew part of the population (up to 10% of the total number) by introducing individuals from natural habitats once every two years.

Keywords: earthworms, Lumbricidae, vermitechnology, restoration, population, reintroduction

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/8-3-2025-fomina_et_al/ Wed, 15 Oct 2025 10:48:18 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=7825

E. V. Fomina^*, A. V. Kikeeva, I. V. Romashkin, A. Y. Nukolova, A. M. Kryshen

Institute of Forest KarRC RAS

Pushkinskaya st. 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910, Russia

*E-mail: evfomina@krc.karelia.ru

Received: 30.06.2025

Revised: 25.08.2025

Accepted: 09.09.2025

Relevance and objectives. Deadwood is an integral component of natural forest ecosystems, ensuring their sustainability. In Russian soil science, the role of large woody debris as a component of the soil profile is practically not taken into account, despite the fact that buried deadwood is widely represented in boreal forests. The purpose of the study is to characterize the morphological properties changes (color and soil profile structure) of illuvial-iron podzol (Ferric Albic Podzol Arenic) and gray-humus (sod) metamorphosed soil (Umbrisol Loamic) under the influence of Picea abies logs 3-5 decay classes in local conditions in the middle taiga spruce forest. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the summer of 2023 and 2024 in the Republic of Karelia on the territory of the Kivach State Nature Reserve on two sample plots. The influence of the deadwood was studied from the 3rd to the 5th decomposition class. Soil profiles are dug in each direction from the deadwood to 1 m. The morphological description of the profile is carried out directly under the deadwood, at distances of 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm, and 50-100 cm from the log according to generally accepted methods. This work shows the influence of deadwood on the soil within a local area, and there is no extrapolation of the obtained results to the entire area of the soil type. Results. The schemes of changes in the morphological structure of the upper horizons under the deadwood trunk and at a distance from it are compiled. Under the deadwood trunks in the conditions of gray-humus soil, the AY1 horizon, intensely colored with humus, is absent. In Podzol the fermented-humus horizon OFHh is diagnosed under the log. In Umbrisol, at a distance of 25 cm from the log, a change in the composition of the forest litter is observed. In Podzol a bleached horizon E is diagnosed under the log of the last decomposition class and at a distance of up to 25 cm from it. A litter is formed directly on the fallen wood, which gradually merges with the soil litter as the log decomposes. Conclusion. Logs of 3-5 decay classes create heterogeneity in the surface horizons. The effect on morphological properties is manifested in a change in color, as well as in the appearance or, conversely, the absence of some soil horizons. The effect of log of late decay classes (classes 3, 4, 5a for Umbrisol and classes 3, 4 for Podzol) is manifested directly under the log. The effect of the log extends to the surrounding space only at the last decomposition class of the log (class 5b for Umbrisol soil and class 5 for Podzol).

Keywords: Kivach State Nature Reserve, Albic Podzol Arenic, Umbrisol Loamic, soil object, coarse woody debris, soil morphology 

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/8-3-2024-frolov_et_al/ Wed, 15 Oct 2025 10:32:27 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=7809

P. V. Frolov^1*, E. V. Zubkova¹, V. N. Shanin^1,2,3

¹Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia

² Isaev Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow 117997, Russia

³Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology of RAS – branch of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Prof. Vitkevicha st. 1, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia

^*E-mail: ximikadze@gmail.com

Received: 20.05.2025

Revised:15.09.2025

Accepted: 21.09.2025

Ground layer vegetation plays an important role in the biological cycle in forest ecosystems. However, the quantitative responses of this component to various disturbances, as well as its recovery after damage, remain poorly studied. This paper presents the results of a study of the response of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L., 1753) coenopopulations to different types of disturbances. Field experiments were carried out on sampling plots in a pine forest in the Moscow region, where V. myrtillus, Convallaria majalis L. (1753), and green mosses dominated the ground layer vegetation. The experiments included three types of impact: the removal of litter, the cutting of aboveground shoots, and the cutting of rhizomes. The results showed that the survival of partial formations depends on maintaining physiological integration with the clone if shoots or rhizomes are damaged. The main recovery mechanism is the development of dormant buds on rhizomes. Removal of litter results in orthotropic growth of rhizomes and formation of new shoots. These data were used to enhance the CAMPUS‑S model with an external effects module, which was then used to simulate fires, cuttings, and combinations of these disturbances, as well as shrub regeneration after such events. Simulation experiments showed that V. myrtillus coenopopulations were resistant to one-time damage, but repeated impacts led to their degradation. Surface fires of medium intensity (affecting up to 10% of the area) did not result in population mortality, whereas 15% damage made recovery impossible. Although selective harvesting, especially with the caterpillar machinery, slowed the recovery process, it did not result in the death of V. myrtillus coenopopulations. These results can be used to evaluate the sustainability of coenopopulations and allow planning the system of forest management that minimises damage to the ground layer vegetation.

Keywords: Vaccinium myrtillus, simulation modelling, CAMPUS‑S, forest fires, cuttings, coenopopulations sustainability, forest ecosystems, pine forests

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O. N. Ukhvatkina*, A. M. Omelko, V. E. Zakharova, A. A. Zhmerenetsky, G. A. Gladkova, L. A. Sibirina, A. V. Kuprin

Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
100 Let Vladivostoku Ave., 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia

*E-mail: ukhvatkina@biosoil.ru

Received: 25.07.2025

Revised: 09.08.2025

Accepted: 15.08.2025

Relevance and aim. Korean pine-broadleaf forests of the southern Sikhote-Alin are unique ecosystems with high biological value and complex structure. Under ongoing forest exploitation and degradation of old-growth stands, the evaluation of long-term logging consequences is of special importance. This study aims to assess the state of forest stands 60–70 years after single selective logging operations conducted in the 1960s, and to compare them with preserved old-growth forests. Material and methods. The data were collected within the Verkhneussuriysky biogeocenotic station, where 346 temporary sample plots were established. For analysis, 129 plots of the K4 forest type (multi-shrub Korean pine forest with yellow birch) were selected, including both old-growth and post-logging sites. Tree diameter, height, basal area, and stem volume were measured. Calculations were performed in Python using nonparametric statistical methods. Results show that even after 60–70 years, post-logging forests still differ significantly from old-growth stands: they have lower timber stock, smaller average diameters, and lack large trees. Fast-growing pioneer deciduous species dominate, while the proportion of Korean pine is significantly reduced. These differences are statistically confirmed (Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Mann–Whitney tests). Conclusion. Thus, the restoration of the original structure of Korean pine-broadleaf forests is extremely slow and remains incomplete even decades after logging. This highlights the need to reconsider forestry practices aimed at conserving and restoring these ecosystems.

Keywords: Korean pine–broadleaf forests, selective logging, stand recovery, southern Sikhote-Alin, species composition

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]]> https://jfsi.ru/en/8-3-2025-podolskaiazinyaev/ Tue, 07 Oct 2025 10:31:40 +0000 https://jfsi.ru/?p=7771

                  E. S. Podolskaia^1*, I. M. Zinyaev²

                         ¹ Isaev Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

                      Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow 117997, Russia            

²MIREA – Russian Technological University

Vernadsky avenue, 78, Moscow 119454, Russia

*E-mail: podols_kate@mail.ru

Received: 02.06.2025

Revised: 19.06.2025

Accepted: 15.07.2025

Paper presents the development of a plugin for Open Source QGIS for automated assessment of data quality of road network when solving the logistics and transport problems of the forestry complex and infrastructure projects in a Russian region (Novosibirsk region). Automation of data quality assessment is especially relevant in the context of Open Data use, diversity and an increase in the number of sources. National standards, industry documents, cases of Russian companies were studied. The developed plug-in “Compare_road” is used to analyze and verify data on roads in the format of vector linear files. During the analysis, the following metrics are calculated: accuracy of compliance, completeness and data relevance. Plug-in is published on GitHub under the MIT license. The target audience of the plug-in is researchers, students and amateur-users. To test the work of the plug-in, an analysis of data on the road network of the Novosibirsk region of the Natural Earth, VMAP, Digital Chart of the World projects was carried out using OSM as a reference. The best accuracy indicators were shown by the Digital Chart of the World – 270.7 m, the best VMAP data completeness indicator – 22.6%. The analysis of roads data quality for the forestries of Novosibirsk region was carried out. Best quality resullts have Tatarskoye (127.6 m, 35.9 %) and Maslyaninskoye (154 m, 35.9 %), worst – Kushtovskoye (378.5 m, 0.7 %) and Suzunskoye (418 m, 1.5 %).  

Keywords: GIS, Open Source, QGIS, plug-in, OSM, Natural Earth, road network, quality assessment

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                 D. A. Kostyuchenko^*, A. A. Solomnikov, S. I. Marchenko

                    Bryansk State Technological University of Engineering

         St. Dimitrova pr., 3, Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation

      ^*E-mail: d_kost@list.ru

      Received: 17.06.2025

    Revised: 29.07.2025

     Accepted: 31.07.2025

Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is a valuable introduced species of the Bryansk forests. Analysis of the distribution of this tree species in the state forest fund of the Bryansk region, identification of forest growth conditions that best meet the requirements of P. sibirica, is of scientific and practical interest. The aim of the research was to identify the growth patterns of Siberian stone pine by diameter in various hydrological conditions. Analysis of wood cores taken from 20 trees in forests operating in automorphic and semi-hydromorphic landscapes on the territory of the Experimental Department of Introduction and Forestry of the Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of the Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology revealed the dynamics of radial increments for the period from 1990 to 2024. Dendrochronology methods were used to determine the growth patterns of Siberian stone pine by diameter on automorphic and semi-hydromorphic soils. Under normal moisture conditions, a moderate negative correlation was found between the growth and the average annual temperature of the current year and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation in July of the current vegetation period. Under excessive moisture, moderate and noticeable negative correlations were found between the growth and the temperatures of June, July, August, September, the average annual temperature of the current year, and the temperature of November of the previous year. On automorphic soils, the value of radial growth was greater than on semi-hydromorphic soils. Regardless of the hydrological regime of the soils, pronounced inhibition of growth by diameter in Siberian cedar pine was observed in 1992, 2002, and 2010.

Keywords: Siberian stone pine, radial growth, meteorological parameters, automorphic soils, semi-hydromorphic soils

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O. G. Chertov^*, N. V. Lukina

Isaev Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the RAS

Profsoyuznaya st. 84/32 bldg. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russia

^*E-mail: ochertov@rambler.ru

Received: 21.05.2025

Revised: 01.07.2025

Accepted: 15.07.2025

A concept of soil organopedogenesis has been proposed as an unheeded active process of general pedogenesis reflecting a predominant significance of biological factor in soil formation according to the Vernadsky’s theory on organism’s leading role in all natural processes of continental part of the biosphere. A methodology for the including organopedogenesis in the modern soil classifications has been proposed as well. It is the integration into existing Russian soil taxonomy system the types of soil organic matter accumulation and transformation (humus forms) at the level with the types of organoprofiles. The inclusion of these components will make the classification dynamic and increase its practical importance that is especially significant for decision making at the time being with the fast negative global environmental changes.

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